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Open (Not Ukraine) Thread 2023-39
News & views NOT related to the war in Ukraine …
@Bemildred | Feb 19 2023 11:44 utc | 415
Everything has limits 😉
Our brain is a mass of hacks, Some elegant, some less so, but it undoubtedly evolved to control movement.
From my On Free Will
Every brain, from the simplest nervous ganglion to the most complex brain, is a computer. A device to accept input, perform some transformation, and produce output. Biologically speaking, the brain is an expensive (in energy, oxygen, and thermoregulation requirements) machine that evolved to control movement. That is the only reason evolution incorporated such a complex, cumbersome, and expensive capability. Ask any tunicate. You need to ask early. These creatures have brains in their youth, in order to find what they think is a good place for tunicates. Then they settle down, like an American in front of the television, to spend the rest of their lives fastened to that place. The first thing that they do after settling down is to have a nice snack. On their brain. Again, as in Americans, it will not be needed in the future.
The human brain evolved from very simple calcium ion action channel molecular components in the earliest metazoan single-cell eukaryotes and sponges, through sodium action channel based diffuse nerve networks in cnidaria, through nerve cords and more complex structures in bilaterian families. In other words, every brain on the planet is a naturally evolved biological computer with its origins in the earliest evolved animals.
Brains make use of neural meshes made up of many replicated computing modules. Even though we have no idea what the universe is, or even if it exists as something other than a hologram, we can confidently state that the brain models, at some level, the universe. We know this because the model usually functions reasonably well. Neural nets are very fast and really good at processing repetitive tasks and even locating local optimizations. Unfortunately, without perturbation systems, neural networks are unable to move past local optimums in search of global optimization. Fortunately, most creatures are sufficiently specialized that relatively simple models suffice to do what they need to do to survive and breed. In the war between predator and prey and surviving a usually hostile and always changing environment, some brains developed a lot more than others, and once socialization evolved brains tended to need to increase exponentially, simply to keep track of individuals with whom they interacted. Generalization also drove brain growth. Apes, while not alone in either development, developed in both. At some time in relatively recent history, ape brains evolved a new trick. That of overloading existing neural nets to run more sequential deep learning style networks on the same wetware. This allowed perturbation to break out of local optimums, the development of new approaches to address novel situations without needing repetition or massive endocrinal spikes to trigger the development of neural meshes.
There were costs in doing this. This overlay computational system is really slow, an order of magnitude slower than the neural circuits. So it is no good in catching prey, evading hunters, or surviving falls. It is unreliable, and prone to instability including what we call psychosis, the inability to discriminate between the imaginary and more than imaginary. Despite our perception that we are always aware, because it costs a fortune in energy, oxygen and thermal load dispersal, the conscious routines are only run intermittently. We see this in the rhythmic patterns we can observe with the EEG as well as through direct observation of brain activity using fMRI. Because the overlay mind is very slow, they have very low bandwidth, only about three discrete inputs a second can be discerned before signal loss sets in – which conjurors greatly rely upon, and it is the brain that filters experience and determines which signals will be forwarded to the overlay mind and which decides on whether to accept or reject the outputs of the overlay mind, and if to accept, how much to accept and how to process it.
At some point we learned a new trick, overloading the overlay computational system with the persistent illusion of consciousness, whatever that actually means.
The brain still decides what the conscious mind gets to see (See e.g. Cepelewicz Jordana (2019-09-30). Your Brain Chooses What to Let You See: Beneath our awareness, the brain lets certain kinds of stimuli automatically capture our attention by lowering the priority of the rest. Quanta Magazine. https://getpocket.com/explore/item/your-brain-chooses-what-to-let-you-see) which means you can’t be responsible for what you think, because you are not responsible for deciding what you know about. The brain still determines what and how much of the conscious mind output it accepts which means that what you think is not actually in control of anything although it may sometimes influence what you do. Because the conscious mind has to work for the brain, it trusts the brain implicity, and will make up stories to justify anything that the brain throws at it, no matter how bizarre. Ask anyone who imagines that they are an historical character why they are in a padded room and they will explain it to you in great and completely delusional detail. Ask a religiot how they know what their god thingies think, and they will tell you with great solemnity, even though we know that they know that they are lying and are using modules to see if we have seen through what they say. Ask a religiot what they think their god thingies want them to do, and they will use the same brain modules as they use to tell us what they want us, different from the brain modules used to communicate what others want us to do. Most bizarre of all, watch CPG Gray’s excellent You are Two at YouTube to see how the brain continuously creates self-justification.
Posted by: Hermit | Feb 19 2023 14:31 utc | 419
@Scorpion | Feb 20 2023 6:10 utc | 431
I am a great admirer of Einstein’s razor, “things.should be as simple as possible, but no simpler” , and try to strike a balance in my writing, while adhering to simple (as in more than imaginary) words. Sometimes English as a fifth language trips me up, so perhaps we could try to improve the writing together. So that you don’t invest a lot of effort, and then have me disagree, perhaps you could suggest one place you feel is egregiously waffly, and if I agree, I could try to tighten it up.
I do think that, as you acknowledge, my paper does make the point that “truth”, outside of very simple closed systems (which never rise even to the level of natural numbers), whether relative or absolute, is meaningless in this universe, and multiple subject experts who gave refereed my paper (in earlier revisions) agree that I have conclusively shown that.
And yet, you send me to a link that is fundamentally dealing with supposed truths. For example, looking at your link, it suggests an “absolute truth” is “how things really are”, but it is a fundamental constraint of the universe that this is not possible. Perhaps the reason you are not incorporating this into your response is due to the language I have used not conveying my meaning? Or perhaps I have omitted some essential concept? In which case, perhaps you might have some suggestions?
Your source also asserts that “relative [truth] is how things appear”, but as I showed, how things appear is necessarily dependent on the viewer. How can something which is necessarily unique to each viewer be called a “truth”, unless “truth” means whatever you want it to mean, which would mean that it is meaningless?
For the numinous and for taste, we can stimulate the brain, electrically, magnetically or chemically (or develop an appropriate tumor) that results in a a so-called numinous or flavor experience. All of this is simple physics and Neuroscience. They are explicable as ways to hack reward circuits many of which developed to improve the ability to socialize, and are directly shared with our nearest cousins – and even with some of our most distant – for example squids and octopi on ecstacy react much as humans do, despite our last common s
Ancestor being a flatworm that crawled sea floors some 750 million years ago.
Trying to preserve a special category for such feelings is a blatant violation of Ockham’s razor.
“Nature” is a word of many meanings. The OED lists 120 senses (33 main senses, 87 subentry senses) making it an imaginary portmanteau word of limited utility.
A thought is more concrete. It is a transient imaginary emergent property of a particular brain configuration. I’m not sure what you mean by “field” . To me a field is either a subject area or a distribution of charges within a defined region Perhaps this is a good time for me to pause, so you can digest the above and explain this term.
PS. Please bear in mind, and this is a reminder to myself to do the same, that when we disagree, I may be right, and you may be wrong; or you maybe right and I may be wrong; or, most likely, we are both wrong. Nothing precludes the exploration of the field, with the likely outcome that we need more data which is probably unavailable, so we might as well enjoy a glass of Chablis (or something stronger) and enjoy the uncertainty as best we can.
Posted by: Hermit | Feb 20 2023 9:27 utc | 434
@Scorpion | Feb 20 2023 12:35 utc | 440
Great response. Thank-you.
Having begun a response (below) and realizing that this is far to complex a topic to deal with on the phone, I am working on putting all of our discussion into a single document. https://docs.google.com/document/d/13nkwwlvZbl0zf_OQqM3dgjb9zsMyk1GTpmfNgyWF5VI/edit?usp=sharing
If you have a gmail address that you can share with me via a message about the above document, I will add you as an editor and you can reply there (in red). I will continue in blue.
I’ll leave the rough edit below for posterity.
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Scorpion:First, absolute truths aren’t ‘feelings’ but they can be experienced directly.
Hermit: Neuroscience informs us that “experience” is an emergent property of the virtual machine running on the brain sometimes providing “consciousness”. Nothing is experienced except through the senses and the brain. The brain usually processes inputs in neural nets and does not generally invoke consciousness (which has a high energy cost, and limits the availability of the neural mesh for other tasks) and when the brain does, does not provide anything but a minuscule amount of available data to consciousness, and may or may not instantiate information returned to the brain by consciousness. When the brain acts, we may become aware of it, and then we will always justify what we become aware of as intentional. Modern physics and mathematics tell us that there are no useful truths (corollary to Heisenberg and Gödel), technically truth is limited to closed logical systems of limited applicability.
Scorpion: Any particular has a specific location around which one can imagine front, back, four sides, top and bottom (which is how various quarks end up getting named interestingly). This means also, btw, that in order to have an object identified as separate from the overall field or space around that you have to inject / invent / imagine an additional (experiential) point of view so that such directions can be layered (imagined) into the framework.
Hermit: Quarks do not have a “specific location” (in string theory, they are actually vibrating stings occupying a statistical space) and definitely do not have orientation outside of their statistical direction of motion which is used to determine spin. Left and right spin is determined relative to their statistical motion, with fermions having a half-integer spin while bosons have an integer spin. There is no up, down, left, right, because that would require a reference. The names originated in the charge, spin and color of quarks. For example, the up quark has a relative charge of positive two-thirds of the charge of a proton, and the down quark of negative one-third. Color is the encoding of the states of charge of quarks, antiquarks and gluons and is the source of the forces between these particles. Quarks constantly change their color charge as they exchange gluons with other quarks. Each quark has one of the three color charges; and each antiquark has one of the three complementary color charges. Gluons carry color/anti-color pairs between quarks and antiquarks.
Scorpion: This is a simple way of explaining why the quantum crowd gradually found out that the observer principle influences how the subatomic particular world is influenced by the observer. The observer’s field of awareness is actually influencing what happens as it happens. We don’t see this on the macro level (although we do feel it), but on the micro level apparently they do.
Hermit: This is incompatible with the Standard model, where “the observer effect” has nothing to do with awareness or feelings. The observer effect is simply the fact that any measurement of the state of a quantum particle will affect the wave function of that particle. A quantum “observer” can be as simple as a quantum scale recorder* (See e.g. The Delayed Quantum Eraser experiment).
Scorpion: When you raise and lower your arms it starts in the gut – at least in terms of electronically measurable synaptics – and then manifests in the cerebellum and elsewhere.
Hermit: Reference please? My understanding is that the frontopolar cortex and the SMA in the precuneus reflects activity that before the decision is made to move. See e.g. Yong Ed (2008-04-13). Unconscious brain activity shapes our decisions. National Geographic. for a great introduction, and Maoz U et al (2019-09-19). Neural precursors of decisions that matter—an ERP study of deliberate and arbitrary choice. bioRxiv..
Scorpion: There is much we do not know and cannot explain.
Hermit: Against this, there is even more that we do know and can explain, and the fact that there are unknowns does not change what is known. Also what is known and explained has grown to the point where we are, within the bounds of scientific uncertainty, that anything new discovered at human scales will be compatible with what is already known.
Scorpion: (I sometimes entertain the notion that all living creatures, which are built on bacterial cells ultimately, are ‘grown’ by bacterial hive mind of sorts in order to expand their range of relative experience via the senses and mind so ‘they’ grew ‘us’ rather than we are independent autonomous beings we imagine ourselves to be, but that’s just fanciful thinking even though it does fit some of the bacteria-to-human interface / fact patterns.
Hermit: As a student, I once entertained similar thoughts, but ultimately discarded it. We are more influenced by bacteria than we imagine, but our system does a reasonably good job of keeping them out of our neural networks. Processing takes energy, and we can see the energy drawn from cells in near-real time using fMRI. If bacteria or the enteric nervous system were responsible for any significant contribution to cognition, we would undoubtedly see it. We don’t.
Scorion: We think of mind as an epiphenomenon of the brain. It is not but it appears that way.
Hermit: References? We know that “mind” is a persistent delusion completely dependent on the brain. See e.g. Annaka Harris: Free Will, Consciousness, and the Nature of Reality.
Scorpion: Your examples prove nothing in that regard except that our brains have something to do with how we experience perceptions via the senses (and thus body) and other creatures wired similarly to us do the same.
Hermit: The fact that brain abnormalities can result in numinous hallucinations and experiences (see e.g. Garrison JR et al (2015-11-17). Paracingulate sulcus morphology is associated with hallucinations in the human brain. Nat Commun 6:8956. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9956. PMID: 26573408.), and that we can induce phenomena by manipulating the brain (Persinger, MA; et al. (2010). “The Electromagnetic Induction of Mystical and Altered States Within the Laboratory”. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research. 1 (7): 808–830. ISSN 2153-8212 ) shows that the phenomena are artifacts of the brain.
Scorpion: Btw, there are more neuronic happenings in the enteric than the head brain. When you raise and lower your arms it starts in the gut – at least in terms of electronically measurable synaptics – and then manifests in the cerebellum and elsewhere.
Hermit: References? To the best of my knowledge this is tosh. The volition and sensation of moving the arm originate in the posterior parietal cortex, while the premotor cortex is responsible for the actual motion. Refer e.g. Yong Ed (2009-05-07). Electrical stimulation produces feelings of free will. Nat Geographic. Not addressed there, but well understood, if we stimulate action by injecting a signal into the premotor cortex, the arm will move and if the subject becomes aware of that their arm has moved, will claim that they chose to move their arm, even when they acknowledge that the arm can be made to move in the absence of volition, and that this is shown to them in a video reflecting the signal being transmitted and the arms reaction to it..
There is much we do not know and cannot explain. Also, all such events are facilitated by non-human cells in the microbiome; many now say they are more than facilitated but cannot happen without. (I sometimes entertain the notion that all living creatures, which are built on bacterial cells ultimately, are ‘grown’ by bacterial hive mind of sorts in order to expand their range of relative experience via the senses and mind so ‘they’ grew ‘us’ rather than we are independent autonomous beings we imagine ourselves to be, but that’s just fanciful thinking even though it does fit some of the bacteria-to-human interface / fact patterns.)
In any case, the space in which forms arise is not dead physical emptiness but living consciousness-awareness. The dead physical emptiness is something we imagine but certainly cannot measure materially. All the black holes et alia in physics are the results principally of thought experiments, logical extrapolations based on certain principles observed in natural phenomena in our own frame of perceptual reference. The dead nature of scientific ‘outer space’ is imagined thusly because of the axiomatic assumption that the mind doesn’t truly exist and that objective reality exists outside the frame of reference of experiencing individual, independent organisms such as ourselves. This dead empty space is ‘objective’ reality’s imagined field in which essentially dead physical matter (agglomerations of mindless particles) dwell.
Anyway, we will never really agree on this sort of thing which is totally fine of course. For one thing, I am not well studied in articulating it and haven’t studied such issues for a long time now so am quite rusty. For another, there is a great divide in science these days between those few who insist that mind is an important thing and those many who insist it is not actually extant, merely imagined (for that is the view that all materialists hold whether or not they know it and why I believe this view causes so much societal harm). That the universe is imagining itself is regarded as lalalandia to hard scientists who ridicule any attempt by anybody trying to persuade them that chairs and tables are not chairs and tables and they make good points in so doing.
The great divide I think comes down to this notion of two different spaces (fields) in which all forms arise: on the one hand dead physical emptiness and the other is living awareness/experience fields. In our personal experience we cannot perceive anything without it happening in the field (context) of experiencing. We can imagine that the world exists on its own outside the field of experience (so-called ‘objective’ reality) but that’s all we can do, imagine it and from there believe in it as most now do. It is a contemporary form of religious belief, if you will. Materialist ‘realidiocy’ some might say!
The notion of an objective self-existing universe separate from the field of collective experiencing is a very powerful concept, but that is all it is. A huge imagined notion.
And the problem with such a notion is that it assumes, ultimately, that we are all machines in a mechanical universe. That’s the only way to divorce the universe from the fields of experiencing which are reflexively poo-poo’d as irrelevant imaginings, ie hallucinated non-realities. However, if you take the time to observe experiencing steadily, usually via meditative techniques and over many years though not necessarily, you can come to experience the absolute nature of relative phenomena/experiences directly in a non-theoretical fashion. The mind field in which mind phenomena arise truly IS unborn and undying and can be experienced as such. In other words the space in which phenomena arise is not dead and empty but actually alive and wakeful. That is the primordial space of the universe. So what we call empty space accommodating all mental and/or physical/experiential forms is primordial wakefulness without subject or object. Space is awake. Wakefulness IS space rather than knowing or perceiving it. Space is not outside mind, in other words. The fundamental nature of mind is space or field. To materialists this is all gobbledygook which is why it is generally best to say nothing about it since it will always come out wrong and/or be misinterpreted. Both sides find the other side speaking nonsense, basically. (Which is why I cannot offer critique of your pieces. You write very well but so thoroughly grounded in the materialist view that I find it quasi gibberish just like you find what I am clumsily trying to express ‘waffle.’)
I suspect most primitive people lived in a state wherein this was effortlessly experienced which is why many of their traditions seem awfully cavalier about death. For them there was no death but some sort of continuous present that continues whether or not their particular body form was present to witness or not. Perhaps they feel this in collective rituals around the fire wherein it is experientially clear and obvious that the individual, though part of the group, can come or go from the circle but the dance of life being shared and celebrated continues regardless. Something like that.
*To demonstrate this phenomena, the Weizmann Institute built a tiny device, less than one micron in size, that had a barrier with two openings. They then sent a current of electrons towards the barrier. The observer in this experiment was not human. Instead, they used a tiny electron detector that could spot the presence of passing electrons. The quantum “observer’s” capacity to detect electrons could be altered by changing its electrical conductivity, or the strength of the current passing through it. Apart from “observing,” or detecting the electrons, the detector had no effect on the current. Even so, the scientists found that the very presence of the detector “observer” near one of the openings caused changes in the interference pattern of the electron waves passing through the openings of the barrier. In fact, this effect was dependent on the “amount” of observation: when the “observer’s” capacity to detect electrons increased, in other words, when the level of the observation went up, the interference weakened; in contrast, when its capacity to detect electrons was reduced, and the observation slackened, the interference increased. Thus, by controlling the properties of the quantum observer, the scientists managed to control the extent of its influence on the electrons’ behavior!
Posted by: Hermit | Feb 21 2023 19:30 utc | 445
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