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Open Thread 2022-51 (Not Ukraine)
News and views NOT related to Ukraine …
We know Russia does things different. Some of that difference is a carryover from Soviet times. Read this transcript of the report given to Putin by Transneft–Russia’s Big Oil–CEO Nikolai Petrovich to find out how Russian Big Oil fits into the national scene:
President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Nikolai Petrovich, Transneft occupies a special place in the energy sector, providing practically – how much?
Nikolai Tokarev: 83 percent of the oil produced in Russia…
Vladimir Putin: … goes through the transport system.
Nikolai Tokarev: And 30 percent of oil refined products.
Vladimir Putin: In other words, this place is quite unique in the entire energy sector.
Nikolai Tokarev: Mr President, if we talk about Transneft’s assets, first of all, these are 123,000 specialists who work in 64 regions of Russia, this is 67,000 kilometers of main oil pipelines, this is more than half a thousand oil pumping stations. Colossal, of course, numbers in themselves.
The team works clearly, stably, reliably, fulfills all obligations for the transportation of oil in Russia and abroad. I would say that this became possible due to the fact that the last 15 years – it was the period of the most dynamic development of the company, it has become simply different during this time.
24.5 thousand kilometers of new highways were built, of which 10.5 thousand are large, serious projects: [pipeline systems] ESPO-1, ESPO-2, Baltic pipeline system-2, these are [oil pipelines] Kuyumba – Taishet, Zapolyarye – Purpe – Samotlor, this is the expansion of the oil product pipeline to Primorsk by 25 million tons of petroleum products, this is a total modernization of all technological processes.
In my opinion, a very important advantage of all these transformations of the company was that today there is no shortage of pumping capacities in almost any direction. If earlier oil workers had to rack their brains, think, “bow” to go somewhere with their oil for export or enterprise, today, perhaps, only the ESPO has some restrictions: this is a premium direction, everyone wants to go there, it is fully loaded.
Vladimir Putin: To Asia?
Nikolai Tokarev: Yes, China and the Asia-Pacific region. Today, 50 million [tons of oil] are the second stage of the ESPO, and 80 million are the first, of which 30 million pipes go to China, to Mohe.
During the same time, we have completely resolved the issues of import substitution in terms of the production of main pumps. We used to buy them in Ukraine and abroad. Today, the entire line is fully produced here, in Chelyabinsk, at our enterprises. Electric drives, electric motors for these pumps are fully produced at our enterprises, provide all the needs of the company. Now we are cooperating with the railway, we will produce traction motors for locomotives at our enterprises.
Previously, we bought anti-turbulent additives from American companies, today we produce them in Tatarstan at our plant. Thus, 29 items on import substitution, which were in our program, have been fully implemented for today.
I am not even talking about the fact that today there is a new course for the digitalization of the enterprise. Over the next three years, we plan to invest about 30 billion rubles in this area. Of course, this allows us to ensure all the planned indicators and work as provided for by all our programmes.
For the current year, our main tasks are to improve the reliability of oil pipelines and reduce accidents. It is already about ten times lower than the world average, the median value in this part, but we will go to zero. This is the task, and there are opportunities for this.
Therefore, we have allocated 175 billion rubles of investment for the current year for all tasks related to technical re-equipment, modernisation and overhaul of our facilities. So far, everything is going according to plan.
Of course, in addition to production activities, the company implements a serious social policy. We have our own non-state pension fund – 31,000 pensioners. On average, our corporate pension is 10,000. Then housing policy, assistance to families with children, sanatorium and resort services, medical insurance of specialists at the expense of the enterprise, a healthy lifestyle is carried out, of course. We try to make it a priority.
And another important component, which is a priority for us, is charity work. Over the past three years, we have helped to overhaul 107 schools. As a rule, this is in small settlements. Repair, equipping classes of chemistry, physics, mathematics with devices, computers, that is, everything necessary to make it interesting and normal.
55 medical institutions were put in order: this is the construction of new FAPs, and the repair of polyclinics. A new direction, which is now receiving dynamic development, is mobile clinics. We help in the regions to purchase polyclinics on the basis of heavy vehicles. This is a full range of medical services, medical examinations in the most remote settlements. Even here, in the central part, we helped the Tula Region – we purchased two such mobile units.
And of course, in the field of culture, these are museums. We have been helping the Moscow Kremlin Museums for a long time. We are fully financing the restoration of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. This is the Tretyakov Gallery. On the ground, of course, our subsidiaries are actively working in the same way. [My Emphasis]
The emphasized portion describes what was the norm during Soviet times, and is part of the public service regime that was restored by Putin that had almost disappeared during Yeltsin’s Era. That’s one of the reasons why factory works are so huge in Russia; they are often combined into one big factory town.
Posted by: karlof1 | Apr 22 2022 6:22 utc | 45
As promised on the current thread, here’s the coplete machine translated transcript of the “Speech and answers to media questions by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov following talks with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan Mikhail Tleuberdi, Moscow, April 22, 2022.” Please take special note of the remarks related to the EAEU for they’re significant:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
We held constructive, trusting and useful negotiations.
For our states, this year is special. In October, we will celebrate the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations. During this period, Russia and Kazakhstan have brought bilateral ties to the level of alliance and strategic partnership. Traditional ties of good-neighborliness and mutual assistance are complemented by privileged cooperation in trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian, military and military-technical fields. The plan of joint events that we have just signed is dedicated to our common anniversary, but is aimed at practical work in line with the implementation of the agreements reached between our presidents, agreed on February 10, 2022 during the visit of President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the Russian Federation.
We will give priority attention to expanding the legal framework of bilateral relations. Practical projects are implemented quickly and require contractual support, which is what our respective ministries and departments are doing.
We confirmed that we are waiting for President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (in June 2022) and the Forum of Interregional Cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan (in autumn 2022, Orenburg). 73 regions out of 85 of the Russian Federation are actively involved in the implementation of joint projects with partners in Kazakhstan.
We noted the continued growth in the volume of mutual trade. In 2021, a record figure of trade turnover was reached, exceeding the mark of $ 25 billion. Mutual supplies have increased significantly. We see this as a confirmation of the mutually beneficial nature of our interaction. We intend to work to maintain positive dynamics. Relevant ministries and departments report that all planned projects will be implemented without changes and on time.
We praised the humanitarian ties. Among the positive examples, we noted the Agreement on the establishment and operation of branches of universities of the two countries on each other’s territory, signed on the sidelines of the visit of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Mikhail Mishustin to Nur-Sultan in February this year.
We welcome the efforts of the Kazakh leadership to maintain interethnic harmony and ensure the equality of rights and freedoms of all citizens. Together with our Kazakh friends, we intend to stop any provocative visits aimed at undermining the all-encompassing friendly ties that unite our peoples. We agreed to step up the work of the Joint Working Group of Historians of Russia and Kazakhstan.
We exchanged assessments on the most pressing international problems in detail, confidentially and in a friendly manner. We have a common opinion that the Russian-Kazakh alliance serves as a significant factor in maintaining stability in Central Asia and on the Eurasian continent. Much attention was paid to the prospects for cooperation through such integration associations as the EAEU, CSTO, CIS, SCO and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia. This is the initiative of the first president of Kazakhstan, which is being consistently implemented and can now find a new breath. For our part, we expressed Russia’s support for the priorities identified by Kazakhstan’s chairmanship in the CIS in the economic, humanitarian and security spheres.
We agreed to continue and intensify preparations for the Sixth Caspian Summit. It should be held in Turkmenistan. Together with our Kazakh friends, we will provide the hosts of Turkmenistan with the most active and comprehensive assistance in ensuring that the summit is successful and ends with the adoption of significant agreements that the Caspian littoral states are currently working on.
In the context of regional security, the topic of Afghanistan was touched upon. Today it was discussed in the morning at a video conference in the format of “CA5 + Russia”. The difficult situation in this state (I mean Afghanistan) has an impact on the situation in the entire region. The January events in Kazakhstan clearly demonstrated how important it is to jointly combat terrorism, drug trafficking and cross-border, organized crime.
At the meeting of “CA5 + Russia” and today at the talks we considered the situation in Ukraine and around it. He also informed his colleagues in detail about the course of the special military operation aimed at protecting the residents of Donbass, demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine. We shared our assessments of the slow progress of the Russian-Ukrainian talks.
There is no doubt that our allies and strategic partners in Central Asia clearly understand the root causes of what is happening in Europe and in the Euro-Atlantic region and Eurasia, as well as the geopolitical dimension of the current situation.
We are satisfied with the results of the talks. We agreed to maintain close contacts. In 2022, there will be many opportunities to communicate and continue the dialogue, bringing meaningful and practical results.
Question: How does Russia see the future of the EAEU in the context of sanctions pressure? How will this affect trade and economic relations?
Sergey Lavrov: The question is not how the Russian side sees the future of the EAEU, but how all the member countries of the association intend to develop and deepen the strategic partnership within this framework. The sanctions were imposed by Western partners illegally, illegitimately, on an unprecedented scale. They saw that their plans to turn Ukraine into a springboard for aggressive, forceful containment of Russia had failed.
The actions of their Western colleagues show their complete disregard for the principles and norms that they themselves laid the foundation for the current model of globalization, including within the framework of the WTO, IMF, World Bank, etc. Any unbiased observer is obvious to the inconsistency and inability of Western partners, who suddenly broke their “values”, on the basis of which they persuaded the rest of the world to join the processes of globalization.
I communicate with colleagues within the framework of the EAEU and in other associations of Latin America and Arab countries. In all parts of the world, they are beginning to think about how to make sure that the “whims” of the Western world, united within the framework of the concept of unipolarity under the “umbrella” of the United States, in the future do not affect the objective processes developing in a particular region; so that the West does not try to use the predominant influence created in the context of promoting the concept of globalization on universal principles in order to abuse its position in international affairs.
An example of abuse, for example, of the dollar on everyone’s lips, has been observed for several years. Regardless of what is happening now, many countries, including Russia and its partners in the EAEU and other key trade and economic allies, have been diversifying the mechanisms and methods of conducting financial relations, switching to national currencies in mutual settlements, and using national financial messaging systems. This creates a safety net against the “quirks” that characterize the behavior of today’s “collective West.”
As for the EAEU, in recent months there have been several meetings at the level of deputy prime ministers specifically devoted to the continuation of integration plans in the new conditions. We need to rely much more on ourselves and on reliable partners from other regions, such as China. The EAEU has an agreement on trade and economic cooperation with China. The processes of Eurasian integration are conjugated with the Chinese project “One Belt, One Road”. Other colleagues in Asia, including southeast Asia, are joining these trends.
Intensive cooperation with India is developing, including on the creation of transport corridors that will be beneficial for the EAEU members.
Within the framework of the CIS (where a free trade zone operates), processes have also been established to consider ways to continue our productive cooperation in conditions when discriminatory measures are used to slow it down.
The EAEU has a future. All member countries are working to ensure that it is bright.
Question: Kazakhstan has successfully established itself as a venue for negotiations on the Syrian settlement. Is Russia considering this platform for Russian-Ukrainian negotiations?
Sergey Lavrov: The main talks on the Syrian settlement – the Geneva process – are taking place in Geneva, respectively. The Astana “troika” traditionally holds its events with the participation of government and opposition delegations, observer countries on the territory of friendly and hospitable Kazakhstan. We will continue this tradition.
I would not talk about “platforms” for Russian-Ukrainian negotiations, but about how Ukraine feels about these opportunities. It is strange every day to hear statements by Ukrainian representatives of various “sorts”, including President Zelensky and his advisers, which suggest that they do not need negotiations at all. They resigned themselves to their fate.
Question: Did the negotiations discuss the activities of biological laboratories in Kazakhstan and the solution of the problems in the banking sector that many Russian companies are currently facing in Kazakhstan?
Sergey Lavrov: We discussed our cooperation in the field of biological safety. Now we are completing the preparation of a bilateral memorandum. Over the past year, relevant statements and documents have been adopted on this topic: on the problem of biological security, on strengthening the Convention on the Prohibition of Biological and Toxin Weapons at the level of the heads of state of the CSTO and at the level of ministers of the CSTO and the CIS.
As for issues related to the activities of Russian banks in Kazakhstan, this issue was also touched upon. M.B. Tleuberdi will comment on it now.
Question: For a long time, the Russian media called ethnic oppression the reason for the outflow of the Russian-speaking population from Kazakhstan. However, since the end of February this year, after the introduction of sanctions, thousands of Russian citizens have left Russia for Kazakhstan. Judging by their reviews, they feel good in Kazakhstan. Don’t you think the problem of harassment is far-fetched?
Sergey Lavrov: If we determine our attitude to the development of alliance and strategic partnership on the basis of some media in Russia and Kazakhstan, I think we will slightly distort the real picture. There are always those who want to find a problem where it does not exist. Or make an “elephant out of a molehill.”
I have no information on the number of Russian citizens who have recently moved to Kazakhstan. Moreover, I am not familiar with their reviews, nor with the reasons that prompted them to leave. The process goes absolutely naturally. We are fraternal countries. We have no restrictions on the movement of our citizens, who, like the citizens of Kazakhstan, are free to choose their place of residence. In the Russian Constitution, such a right is guaranteed. Our common tasks (our presidents spoke about this on February 10 this year in the Kremlin) are to make sure that there is practically no difference for Russian citizens and Kazakhstanis when they are on the territory of one country or another.
The development of our relations within the framework of the EAEU is designed to make sure that economic and social conditions are conducive to this. That is the task set before us by the presidents.
Question: Russia has agreed with the thesis that Ukraine will need security guarantees from third countries if it itself agrees to enshrine a neutral status in its constitution or international documents. Which countries does Moscow see as potential guarantors of security for Ukraine and with which it is negotiating on this matter?
Sergey Lavrov: We are not negotiating with anyone on this issue.
Negotiated. Now they are stalled. Seven days ago, another proposal transmitted by us to the Ukrainian negotiators, formulated taking into account their comments received at that time, remains unanswered. When President Zelensky was asked how he felt about this latest version of the Russian proposals, he said that they had not received anything. It’s not for me to judge how much he owns the situation, but it’s a characteristic of where this process called “negotiation” is located.
Until now, we have been negotiating with the Ukrainian side in a bilateral format, and within this framework, Ukraine has agreed to commit itself to being a neutral, non-aligned, nuclear-weapon-free country in providing security guarantees of an international nature. This is exactly what President of Russia Vladimir Putin said at the beginning of this year at one of his meetings and news conferences, with President Emmanuel Macron, if I am not mistaken. He said that NATO enlargement is unacceptable for fundamental reasons, which is well known to everyone, but we are ready to consider security guarantees for Ukraine, for European countries and for Russia in any other format. That was originally our position, which we held.
During the first contacts, the Ukrainians in the negotiation format advocated that these guarantees should be provided by a whole group of foreign countries. On paper, they did not list these countries, but mentioned the permanent members of the UN Security Council, Turkey, Germany. We don’t mind. The main thing is that the essence of these guarantees will be and that these guarantees, while acceptable to Ukraine, do not pose a threat to anyone else.
Question: On April 16 of this year, President of Ukraine Vladimir Zelensky said that he would refuse to conduct all negotiations with Russia if the Ukrainian military and nationalists at the Azovstal plant were destroyed. Just yesterday, President of Russia Vladimir Putin cancelled the decision to storm the plant’s territory. Does this mean that Russia has agreed to the conditions set by Kiev? How will Moscow continue to respond to such ultimatums?
Sergey Lavrov: We do not tolerate any ultimatums. I cannot qualify President Zelensky’s statements in any way. I’m not sure he understands what he’s talking about.
Posted by: karlof1 | Apr 22 2022 17:57 utc | 58
As promised, here’s the Zakharova interview:
Question: How did the history of the creation of the Russian-Chinese joint declaration on a multipolar world and the formation of a new international order begin? What was the starting point? How long have Russia and China been moving towards the concept of “multipolarity”?
Maria Zakharova: By the mid-90s of the twentieth century, there was an understanding among specialists in international relations in Russia and China that the era of democratization of international politics was coming in line with the formation of a multipolar world order.
The chief architect of the domestic concept of a multipolar world is E.M. Primakov, who took the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs in January 1996. Thanks to him, the term “multipolarity” has firmly entered the toolkit of Russian foreign policy. It was also actively used in Russian-Chinese bilateral documents.
By this time, relations between Russia and China had entered a period of intensive development. In 1996, it was announced the formation of relations between the two countries of equal trusting cooperation aimed at strategic interaction in the XXI century. The main territorial issues between Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan on the one hand and China on the other have been settled, important agreements have been reached on confidence-building measures and mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area (on their basis the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will later emerge).
The main thing is that Moscow and Beijing came to the conclusion that the approaches of our countries to international relations are close or coincide. As a result, in 1997, an agreement was reached with chinese partners to prepare a joint document on the basic approaches of Russia and China to the modern system of international relations.
The experience of developing Russian-Chinese cooperation has confirmed that the assessments laid down in the “Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the Formation of a New International Order” 25 years ago have successfully stood the test of time and remain relevant. Among the principles formulated then were the recognition of the central place and role of the UN in world affairs, the rejection of reliance on power politics, the desire for dialogue and equal cooperation, the need to build a peaceful, stable, fair and rational international political and economic order based on the generally accepted norms of international law.
Question: Why did Russia choose China as its partner?
Maria Zakharova: There is a common mistake in the wording “Russia has chosen China”: a reference to the opportunism and situational nature of the decisions made. Meanwhile, in our case, no one “chose” anyone, the rapprochement of the two countries is a process objectively conditioned at least by the fact that our common border stretches for more than 4,000 kilometers.
Russia and China are neighbors with a history of relations dating back several hundred years. In different eras, political, trade and economic, humanitarian, religious, military ties developed between us. There have been difficult times, but conflicts have never been large-scale. As states with a long history, societies with a unique social structure and political culture, despite all the differences, Russia and China learned to live side by side, to understand and respect each other. Modern Russian-Chinese relations – the best in history – are a fusion of the accumulated experience of interstate and human communication.
Today, bilateral cooperation continues to develop dynamically, demonstrating its stability to the whole world. Moscow clearly understands that deepening cooperation with Beijing meets national interests and therefore enjoys broad public support.
Question: What were the difficulties on the way to “multipolarity”?
Maria Zakharova: At present, the process of forming a democratic multipolar world order continues. The main obstacle to realizing its potential is the desire of the United States and the Western community led by it to secure exclusive, exclusive advantages and rights in the world system. In this logic, the West is trying to impose on other countries a model of a unipolar world under the guise of a “rules-based order.”
We believe that one of the elements of such a destructive line is the imposition of unilateral economic sanctions and the adoption of other illegal coercive measures against sovereign States. The inherently thuggish seizure of Russian gold and foreign exchange reserves in Western countries has significantly undermined confidence in the global financial system based on the dominance of the US dollar. We believe that serious changes are coming in this area – the formation of alternative banking, trade and logistics mechanisms has recently accelerated. This trend will only strengthen.
We see a negative charge in Washington’s campaign to draw new dividing lines in world politics by creating various kinds of “democratic” alliances and coalitions that are formed bypassing the UN to counter the so-called authoritarian regimes. Such relapses of the bloc policy and the mentality of the Cold War make it difficult to unite the international community in developing responses to common challenges – to ensure sustainable development, food and energy security, to fight international terrorism and cross-border crime, pandemics and natural disasters.
Question: What are the basic principles of a “multipolar world” that can be formulated?
Maria Zakharova: The main meaning of multipolarity is to ensure the equality of states, the recognition by all members of the international community of the need to respect each other’s interests. It is this simple truth that is embedded in the foundation of the UN Charter. Russia seeks to reaffirm the commitment of all members of the World Organization to these fundamental principles.
Q: Why does the U.S. view multipolarity as a serious strategic challenge?
Maria Zakharova: Multipolarity contradicts the American worldview based on the unconditional hegemony of the United States. Since 2009, Barack Obama has been promoting the thesis of his faith in American exceptionalism, D. Trump has been talking about the need to make America great again. The Biden administration, which has returned the concept of “democracy promotion” to international politics, is not without ideological prejudices.
Washington is essentially trying to preserve those elements of the world order that serve its own interests, often in disregard of its obligations under international law. The emergence of new centers of political influence capable of pursuing an independent course in foreign policy and establishing multidisciplinary cooperation among themselves does not fit into the US-centric picture of the world and is regarded as a threat to Washington’s dominance.
Question: Can the BRICS countries become the core of a multipolar world?
A: They’ve actually become one. It is important that the BRICS countries, as well as many other states, are focused on their own development and constructive international cooperation. The overwhelming majority of world players do not succumb to persuasion to impose sanctions against Russia or at least to expose us to open criticism.
Russia will continue to promote on the world stage the principles of sovereign equality of states, non-interference in internal affairs and international cooperation based on a balance of interests. To this end, we will continue to actively cooperate with like-minded people from BRICS, the CSTO, the SCO, and other friends and partners.
Question: What advantages do countries get if they choose a multipolar system of the world order?
Maria Zakharova: First of all, they get the opportunity to preserve their cultural and civilizational identity, to build their domestic and foreign policy based on the interests of their own people. After all, that is true freedom and independence.
States that do not want to follow the instructions of others may not integrate into the neoliberal agenda, remain committed to the traditional spiritual and moral values developed by mankind for thousands of years.
Question: What place will the United States occupy in a multipolar world?
Maria Zakharova: The future role will be determined, first of all, by the degree of their own readiness to conduct a mutually respectful, equal and constructive dialogue with international partners, taking into account the diversity and legitimacy of the national interests of all states.
The place of the United States in a multipolar world also depends on economic factors. Now Washington is fiercely “clinging” to those international institutions that allow it to maintain its own dominance, and at the same time blocks the activities of those forums where its former, seemingly unshakable positions are weakening against the background of the growing influence of new rapidly developing centers.
One of the key issues is the future role of the US dollar in the global financial system. Its privileged position is largely due to the convenience of the infrastructure built for it, the lack of full-fledged alternatives and the banal inertia of the thinking of market participants. However, the thuggish seizure of a part of Russian foreign exchange reserves placed in US banks has become a powerful signal to all governments of the world about the lack of guarantees for the safety of funds stored in US currency, undermining confidence in it on a long-term basis.
Question: Is it safe to say now that after 25 years, developing countries have become stronger, and now the concept of a multipolar world begins to operate?
Maria Zakharova: In this context, the situation with the recent vote at the UN General Assembly to suspend Russia’s membership in the UN Human Rights Council is eloquent. This initiative of the West was not supported by the majority, and many admit that they were forced to vote in the way necessary for Westerners.
This and other examples mentioned earlier point to the progressive emergence of a more democratic and just multipolar world order.
Question: The situation in the world is complicated right now. Does this have to do with the process of moving from one system to another?
Maria Zakharova: Of course, the system of international relations is undergoing a period of profound transformation. The unipolar world became a thing of the past long before the events in Ukraine. New centers of power in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East are playing an increasingly prominent role in shaping the global agenda, showing readiness to defend their interests, and demanding respect for their own development path.
This alignment does not suit the United States and other Western countries. They are not ready to give up their privileged position on the world stage and are trying to stop or slow down the process of democratization of international relations.
Russia’s current disagreements with the United States and Europe have arisen as a result of the fact that for a long time the security interests of our country were simply ignored. Step by step, the Westerners destroyed the arms control mechanisms created by the efforts of generations of negotiators. This is a prime example of why international tensions have risen to unacceptable levels.
We believe that it is in the interests of all to return to dialogue on the framework of indivisible European security and to develop rules for peaceful coexistence based on the principle of respect for the legitimate interests of all key States.
Posted by: karlof1 | Apr 24 2022 0:29 utc | 69
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