by Billmon
posted at the Whiskey Bar
in two installments on May 1, 2003

May Day
My slightly tongue-in-cheek greeting card drew some interesting
comments — including the complete text of the Internationale from one of
our German friends.
Actually, I’m not really a communist with a corporate day job —
although I do play one on the Internet.
You’d probably have to put me down as a revisionist Kautskyite Menshevik, or
maybe a rightist deviationist with extreme petty bourgeois tendencies. Either
way, I’ve never been a big fan of Lenin and the Bolsheviks — much less of
Stalin or the faceless Soviet bureaucrats who succeeded him.
My sentimental loyalty isn’t to communism, or even socialism per se, but
rather to the quaint old 19th century notion of the solidarity of working people
everywhere. May Day has been the symbol of that sentiment since 1889, when it
was designated as the international workers’ holiday by the First Socialist
International, K. Marx and F. Engels, founders.
May Day also happens to be an authentic American holiday — unlike the
many spurious ones invented by Hallmark and Gibson Greeting. It was established
to commemorate the infamous 1886 Haymarket Massacre, in which the Chicago cops
fired on a crowd of workers demonstrating for the 8-hour day, after an anarchist
supposedly threw a bomb at them.
The explosion was real enough, but the alleged "anarchist" was never caught.
Eight labor activists, including several who were not even at the scene, were
arrested, given a kangaroo trial, and sentenced to death. Four were hung, one
committed suicide in prison:
The Haymarket case
became a world-wide scandal. Governor Oglesby was petitioned by hundreds of
thousands, including AFL President Samuel Gompers, to grant clemency, and thus
prevent a miscarriage of justice by stopping the executions. It was to no avail.
They were hanged on November 11, 1887.
In July of 1889, a delegate from the AFL attending an international labor
conference in Paris, urged that May 1 of each year be celebrated as a day of
labor solidarity. It was adopted.
The surviving Haymarket defendents eventually were pardoned by another, more
progressive, Illinois governor. The holiday caught on around the world.
Why May Day? In addition to its history as an ancient European fertility
celebration, May 1 was also the original target date set
by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (the precursor of the
AFL) for achieving an 8-hour work day. It was that campaign that led to the
Haymarket affair.
Of course, the spread of such a "socialist" holiday didn’t sit well with our
homegrown reactionaries. So, when Labor Day was finally adopted as a federal
holiday in 1894 — as a sop to the unions after President Cleveland used the
Army to crush a major strike — conservatives made sure it was put in September,
not May.
And the 8-hour work day? Organized labor kept up the fight. But American
workers wouldn’t get one until 1940 –
more than 50 years after the Haymarket Massacre.
So if you’ve a mind to lift a glass after work today, give a quiet toast to
May Day, the real Labor Day, and a quiet thanks to the pioneers of the
American labor movement — the folks who gave us the weekend.