Moon of Alabama Brecht quote
April 12, 2008
Water Consumption in NYC

Atrios linked a NYT story about a broken underground aquifier which supplies New York. Since the 1980s it is known that the aquifier has at least two big leaks and the city only now start to look into repair options.

While researching a bit around this I found a press release of the NYC environmental protection department about the aquifer repair. It claims:

New York City’s water supply system provides 1.2 billion gallons of water daily to approximately nine million people in New York City, as well as a number of communities in Orange, Putnam, Ulster, and Westchester counties.

Let’s make this easy and calculate with 10 million people. Then consumption per person per day is 120 gallons.

I find that number incredibly high. This of course includes industrial consumption, but I am not aware of huge industries in NYC that consume immense amounts of waters like for example paper mills.

Researching further a NYT piece from 2006 came up. It speaks of a laudible 28% decrease of NYC consumption since 1979. But it reports current consumption per person per day in New York City as 137 gallons.

For comparison I checked the 2006 year-end report (pdf-english) of the water authority here in Hamburg, Germany. It supplies 2 million inhabitants.

According to the report consumption per person per day in 2006 was 29 gallons (= 110 liters) and this includes industry and trade. According to the longer German version (pdf) of the same report water usage is on a downtrend. In 1996 people used 33.8 gallons (= 128 liters) per day.

Personally I find these numbers still too high and try to use less. India, as an extreme though probably not comparable example, has a consumption of some 6.6 gallon per person per day.

But the industrialization and standard of living in Hamburg and NYC are quite compareable. I understand that summer in NYC are hotter than in Hamburg, but a 4+ times higher consumption per head seems incredibly high.

What are these people doing with their water?

Comments

Bong water for Wall Street.

Posted by: biklett | Apr 12 2008 18:52 utc | 1

Flushing toilets, for starters. We don’t have those darned “Flachspüler” toilets with a tiny pool of water at one end a shelf where your dump lands and just sits there, smiling back up at you…
And American appliances, such as dishwashers and laundry machines, are not up to the energy and resource-efficient standards of most German appliances, they use a lot more water (and electricity).

Posted by: ralphieboy | Apr 12 2008 19:35 utc | 2

@biklett – those must be BIG bongs – wll, seeing the results, they are …
@ralphieboy – “Flachspüler” are out. The trick is simply to provide a “small business” flush and a “large business” flush as is regulatory demand for new installations now.
Small takes a quart gallon, big about a full gallon. Makes some difference in total consumption.
Additionally, any recently renovated home here has a waterclock, counting the real consumption of each apartment/housing unit and pricing accordingly. I believe this has helped a lot to decrease consumption over all.
But that all and bongs still don’t explain the 4+ times higher consumption rate in NYC.
Somewhere a lot of water is used for something I haven’t seen or can’t think of. What is it?

Posted by: b | Apr 12 2008 20:06 utc | 3

OK – let me try a different perspective on this.
Why? .. are the numbers too high?
Rain pisses down on a regular basis. Water is a renewable resource. Why should we be full of angst, and fearful of the water police if we never ever use the small business flush?

Posted by: DM | Apr 12 2008 20:27 utc | 4

Why should we be full of angst, and fearful of the water police if we never ever use the small business flush?
Because if you really look at it, we hardly have as much renewable clean water as we use.
NYC is taking water from as much as 100 miles away even though it has two big rivers running through it. Guess why. Hamburg is pumping deep ground water some 30 miles away from the city even though it has a big river running through it. Again guess why.
We are using ancient, limited resources while poluting the current ones.
Things that have to end will end. We should prepare for that.

Posted by: b | Apr 12 2008 20:34 utc | 5

All these conservation tradeoffs and constraints would be much less pressing if the population were somewhat less.
At some point further population growth becomes a mistake.
I think most first-world societies are well past that point.

Posted by: joel hanes | Apr 12 2008 20:41 utc | 6


Water will be source of war unless world acts now, warns minister

Also, there is an Interesting graph here under the paragraph “The concept of Water Stress”.

Posted by: snafu | Apr 12 2008 20:48 utc | 7

@ joel
birth-rates usually go down with rising prosperity.
in the first world, the population growth is not the point, but the gross consumption of these people. but anyway, neither rising thirst-world-population, nor lifting third-world societies to the actual “western standards”, will be desirable or even work out.

Posted by: Anonymous | Apr 12 2008 20:57 utc | 8

above was me, and i got a bit confused, i did not intend to talk about the “thirst-world-population” here.

Posted by: snafu | Apr 12 2008 21:00 utc | 9

Where I work, and 250 souls live in a gated community, we use approx 30 gals per person per day, and the system leaks like a sieve, we pay $60k in metered water charges per annum.
Leaks must be huge in NY.

Posted by: Cloned Poster | Apr 12 2008 21:07 utc | 10

what are they doing w/all the water you ask? maybe there is a 66% percent leakage factor to travel 100 miles to nyc. maybe the people of new york don’t use that much water, they just pay for it. maybe the assertion newyorkers use that much water explains away where it all goes. otherwise, when do they count the loss of water filling all those people’s basements on route to the final destination of the big apple..

Posted by: annie | Apr 12 2008 21:16 utc | 11

I’s like to know the formula they used to determine the per-person gallons. Are they only going by NYC’s population divided into total consumption? Are they they also including the millions of people who live outside of NYC who commute in to work each day — and flush toilets, etc? I really would like to know how they came to their totals.

Posted by: Ensley | Apr 12 2008 22:51 utc | 12

Things we are *not* doing with our water in NYC, at least in comparison to the rest of the country:
a) washing cars
b) watering lawns
Toilets, showers, clothes- and dishwashers; I can’t think of anything else, and I would bet a majority of city residents don’t even drink the water. There’s no way we use that many gallons a day.
Part of the discrepancy, as mentioned above, has to be all the workers who live elsewhere but work in the city and spend the day flushing toilets; however:

Overall, New York City grows by the most people during the day, about 563,000. But that is only 7 percent of the city’s population of 8 million.

I don’t understand the number either.

Posted by: mats | Apr 13 2008 0:26 utc | 13

As a postscript, at first I thought maybe the number included Indian Point (the nuclear plant just north of NYC), but no:

Indian Point uses 700 billion gallons of Hudson River water each year – – more than the volume of the entire river, from the Battery in Manhattan to the federal dam in Troy. Indian Point’s peak withdrawal of 2.5 billion gallons per day is twice the daily drinking water consumption of New York City and Westchester County combined.

Posted by: mats | Apr 13 2008 0:34 utc | 14

mats, I think that 7% is very wrong. According to wiki, NYC’s population increases daily with commuters from Long Island by 10.5%, from Westchester by 4%, and from New Jersey by 5% (not counting smaller numbers from Conn and non-neighboring counties). Totals up to 20.5% rather than only 7%.
I’m a former New Yorker, grew up in Manhattan and went to Columbia U. There is no way New Yorkers use that amount of water per day; there’s nothing to use it on, as you brought up.

Posted by: Ensley | Apr 13 2008 1:21 utc | 15

Another item from wiki: 40 million tourists come to NYC every year. They flush toilets also, but aren’t counted as part of the population.

Posted by: Ensley | Apr 13 2008 1:31 utc | 16

iirc the single largest sector consumption of fresh water in the US is …
… cooling of power plants (fossil as well as nuclear).
forget where I read this, but I remember my jaw dropped.

Posted by: DeAnander | Apr 13 2008 2:40 utc | 17

May be your calculation is a bit too much “pi mal Daumen”. A couple of sources don’t confirm you numbers.
168 l per day for average American (without industrial and commercial usage with commercial and industrial usage it’s 650 gallons, ie. much more than your estimate.
look out for golf courses in your neighborhood, water usage increases tremendously
oh, oh too much water usage, Uncle Sam
Where does all the water go?

On the average nationwide, 183 gallons of water is treated for each person every day.
Below is a breakdown of how that water is used.
Residential Use: Bathing, Cooking, Washing, etc.
70
Industrial Use: Factories, Office Buildings
50
Commercial Use: Hospitals, Restaurants, Sports
35
Public Use: Parks, Fighting Fires
10
Lost or Unaccounted for Water
18

The link shows also that the most water is used for taking showers, which Americans do more often due to the weather and customs.

Posted by: mimi | Apr 13 2008 4:30 utc | 18

A couple of sources for numbers.
168 l per day for average American (without industrial and commercial usage with commercial and industrial usage it’s 650 gallons, ie. much more than your estimate.
look out for golf courses in your neighborhood, water usage increases tremendously
oh, oh too much water usage, Uncle Sam
Where does all the water go?

On the average nationwide, 183 gallons of water is treated for each person every day.
Below is a breakdown of how that water is used.
Residential Use: Bathing, Cooking, Washing, etc.
70
Industrial Use: Factories, Office Buildings
50
Commercial Use: Hospitals, Restaurants, Sports
35
Public Use: Parks, Fighting Fires
10
Lost or Unaccounted for Water
18

The link shows also that the most water is used for taking showers, which Americans do more often due to the weather and customs.

Posted by: mimi | Apr 13 2008 4:33 utc | 19

b,
just joking about those German shelf toilets, but American toilets do have an enormous water capacity compared to their German counterparts.
We have installed a gray water recycling system that reuses our shower and bath water to flush our toilets, and to do our laundry.

Posted by: ralphieboy | Apr 13 2008 6:41 utc | 20

it may even be that all of NYC’s other boroughs combined use up less resource (water/energy) than Manhattan

Posted by: jony_b_cool | Apr 13 2008 8:01 utc | 21

OT.Has anybody seen Morgan Spurlock’s movie “30 days”?
There is a piece here:
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=4485915274937980317
It’s about what life in USA looks like when you are on minimum wage…Looks like a lot of American families live like that…that is “in a best country in the world”…

Posted by: vbo | Apr 13 2008 11:30 utc | 22

De: Looks like it’s correct, if mats numbers are right. This is just insane, one effing nuclear plant wasting twice as much water as NYC, which already looks like a total waste of water?
And some people really want to go full nuclear to offset global warming and oil?

Posted by: CluelessJoe | Apr 13 2008 13:42 utc | 23

one effing nuclear plant wasting twice as much water as NYC
Depends – some nuklear (and coal) plants have cooling towers where water evaporates, other are sitting next to streams and cool with stream water. These don’t “waste” water, but release it back into the stream a few degrees warmer than they take it in.

Posted by: b | Apr 13 2008 14:07 utc | 24

Nuclear plants don’t “use” the water in the sense that it is gone. They will divert water from rivers or the ocean (they do not use drinking water) to run through reactor cooling systems, and then channel the water back to its source. The old Turkey Point plant in Miami uses seawater, which is then discharged into cooling ponds to bring the temperature down and finally channeled back into the ocean. There is very little loss of water.

Posted by: Ensley | Apr 13 2008 14:08 utc | 25

You beat me to it, b.

Posted by: Ensley | Apr 13 2008 14:09 utc | 26

Looks like a lot of American families live like that…that is “in a best country in the world”…
thanks for the video vbo. yep. i had a similar experience w/an emergency room, only they took the opportunity to run every test in the book, ended up w/a bill for $2400 for nothing. i protested and the hospital wrote it off. they had a bunch of students in there that day and they used me for a guinea pig. they knew it too.

Posted by: annie | Apr 13 2008 14:32 utc | 27

it doesn’t matter…
when NYC runs out of water they’re gonna invade brasil, et voilà, a big pipeline from amazonas to yankiland

Posted by: rudolf | Apr 13 2008 15:26 utc | 28

We had some talking head in our part of the world a couple of weeks ago telling us that NZers used too much water, but weren’t as bad as amerika. These figures here on the relationship between GNP/per capita and domestic water consumption/per capita/per day tell a sad and embarrassing story.
The research is out of China where this relationship is particularly relevant. As China’s GNP increases in leaps and bounds the population have been consuming more of all sorts of things that people took for granted water being one of those.
According to this research per capita consumption per day in amerika is about 730 litres per day. This is domestic consumption only. NZ isn’t as bad but not by that much, it is just under 500 litres per day but Germany is only about 160 per day.
I would make the usual cracks about personal hygiene but the brits at 280 litres a day, are alleged to have a low standard of personal hygiene, use more water than the Germans who are rumoured to be ‘cleaner’.
I dunno where it goes. I suspect that in NZ a lot goes into home gardens as most people still live in their own box on a quarter acre of land but that certainly isn’t true of downtown Manhattan, also in NZ the largest city is in the wettest part of the country that has a high rainfall for the bulk of the year.
There must be differences in the way data is collected but it is difficult to see how that could be true over so many independent surveys over a considerable period which show such large differences in consumption between countries with similar lifestyles.
Normally with such divergent figures one would ignore the gross data and study the trends but they are inconsistent too. They show consumption trending upwards in amerika where it is already high and downwards in Germany where it is relatively low.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Apr 14 2008 8:11 utc | 29

@mimi – 17, 18 – sorry your comments were spam-trapped and only now released.
Thanks to you and also Debt for the statistics – these are a bit confusing
I can asure you that most Germans do shower regulary. It is not that part that is the big influence the water consumption. I do suspect general appliances to play a big roll here, laundry, dish washer, toilets, general faucets, shower heads are all “oversized” in the U.S. compared to Europe. The use a lot more water than the European equivilants.
From some googling I found:
Average German dishwasher use some 4 gallons per load, U.S. dishwashers use 8-10 gallons. European horizontal axis washing machines use 10 gallons, typical U.S. vertical axis washing machines uses 40 gallons and so on.

Posted by: b | Apr 14 2008 11:16 utc | 30