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Iraq’s “Gated Communities” And The Sarafiya Bridge
Connect these dots:
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The U.S. army is building a large wall to seperate one area in Baghdad from its neighbor areas. This to control everything going in and out from the area and against the wishes of the inhabitants. The effort started on April 10 but was only reported yesterday.
- One of the main arteries between that area and its neighbor areas is a large bridge crossing the Tigris.
- On April 12 said bridge got blown up by a "truck bomb."
- Retired military experts immediately doubted the "truck bomb" story and suspected a professional demolition job.
- When the news about the separate and control wall got out on April 19, the spokesman for the army tried to obfuscate the issue.
Who most likely did blow up the bridge? Where does the "walling off" idea come from? How are the chances for this to work?
Yeah, that’s what I thought too.
More after the jump.
This map is cropped from the BBC’s Mapping the violence and shows current sectarian areas. I marked the bridge location with a red circle.
Yesterday the military newspaper Stars & Stripes reported about ongoing U.S. efforts to separate Baghdad neighborhoods:
U.S. soldiers with the 82nd Airborne Division in a Baghdad district are “building a three-mile protective wall on the dividing line between a Sunni enclave and the surrounding Shiite neighborhood,” according to a U.S. military press release issued Wednesday.
Troops with the 407th Brigade Support Battalion began constructing the wall on April 10 and will continue work “almost nightly until the wall is complete,” the release read. […] “That community [in Adhamiyah] will be completely gated and protected,” Lt. Col. Thomas Rogers, 407th Brigade Support Battalion, was quoted as saying in the release. “It’s really for the security of all the people of Adhamiyah, not just one side or the other.”
The spokesman for the forces in Baghdad is playing dumb:
But after a regularly scheduled news briefing in Baghdad on Wednesday, Maj. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, the top spokesman for coalition forces in Iraq, said he was unaware of efforts to build a wall dividing Shiite and Sunni enclaves in Baghdad and said that such a tactic was not a policy of the Baghdad security plan.
“We have no intent to build gated communities in Baghdad,” Caldwell said Wednesday.
Today the LA Times confirms the Stars & Stripes story and adds some local voices:
Shiite and Sunni Arabs living in the shadow of the barrier were united in their contempt for the imposing new structure.
"Are they trying to divide us into different sectarian cantons?" said a Sunni drugstore owner in Adhamiya, who would identify himself only as Abu Ahmed, 44. "This will deepen the sectarian strife and only serve to abort efforts aimed at reconciliation."
After the Sarafiya bridge came down, retired Colonel Patrick Lang posted:
The story that a truck bomb knocked that great big bridge down lacks credibility for me. I know how to knock down bridges and an un-tamped surface blast is unlikely to do it on a bridge that size. The idea seems to be to separate Shia pockets in the city preventing them from building a Shia "cordon" across the town.
Former CIA spook and terrorism expert Larry C Johnson wrote:
[T]he visual evidence does not support the claim that this was a suicide bomb. A blast at one end of the bridge might cause a collapse at that point but not at the opposite end. The picture does not support the story.
A more likely explanation is that someone wired the bridge with explosives.
Even though the Army spokesman denies such, there is obviously a serious effort to create a Baghdad of "gated communities." We may never learn how the bridge was blown up and who did it. But the fact that it did is, intended or not, supporting the new U.S. tactic.
So far the U.S. media have been silent about the extend of the "walling" effort. In the British Independent Robert Fisk had a longer recommendable piece on this:
US forces in the city are now planning a massive and highly controversial counter-insurgency operation that will seal off vast areas of the city, enclosing whole neighbourhoods with barricades and allowing only Iraqis with newly issued ID cards to enter.
The campaign of "gated communities" – whose genesis was in the Vietnam War – will involve up to 30 of the city’s 89 official districts and will be the most ambitious counter-insurgency programme yet mounted by the US in Iraq.
A good question was raised by a local in the LA Times report linked above:
"Are we in the West Bank?" asked Abu Qusay, 48, a pharmacist who said that he wouldn’t be able to get to his favorite kebab restaurant in Adhamiya.
The geographical answer is "No," but the idea is certainly not far fetched. Indeed there is one direct connection. Fisk:
The latest "security" plan, of which The Independent has learnt the details, was concocted by General David Petraeus, the current US commander in Baghdad, during a six-month command and staff course at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. Those attending the course – American army generals serving in Iraq and top officers from the US Marine Corps, along with, according to some reports, at least four senior Israeli officers – participated in a series of debates to determine how best to "turn round" the disastrous war in Iraq.
Fisk also explains why this will fail:
[I]nsurgents are not foreigners, despite the presence of al-Qa’ida in Iraq. They come from the same population centres that will be "gated" and will, if undiscovered, hold ID cards themselves; they will be "enclosed" with everyone else.
Additionally the mostly sectarian primary loyality of Iraqi troops and police will sabotage the effort. Poor mens’ artillery will make it a certain failure. Walling off areas with 20 foot high concrete barriers does not prevent mortars flying over such walls and it does not prevent civil war within these areas.
It does hinder commerce and any effort of reconsiliation though.
But maybe that is the real attempt.
The first tiny islet held was the Green Zone, with soldiers outside bombing and killing forcing submission (eg Fallujah..)
At the same time, transport routes such as supply lines were defended, some tiny strips of criss cross. Lines on the map, not swatches of territory. At some point, oil installations and pipelines as well, though I have never been able to make out the details, not that I tried very hard, scarce info and my laziness.
Some territory was ‘held.’ Sure. But only always temporarily, as long as ppl stayed quiet, under the carrot and stick. The Brits, for ex., maintained a paternalistic, peace corps, development, conciliatory stance, for a long time. (Basra and elswhere.) All that experience in India!.. (Exeptions existed of course.)
So the invaders were tolerated, money comes in, some projects actually get done – a statue, a memorial to the Marsh Arabs, some medecines delivered, etc. But the new overlords do not hold territory. They are even, at a stretch, folklore big white admins. – da big new boss – parachuted in.
Ppl spurt: Hello! Got Money! Me build clinic! And: Meet my neighbor! He big Chief! – a new CEO who must be dealt with and seduced, pulled into the social scene, yet is also manipulated and mocked.
The impact on the basic fabric, the territory itself: There is no grip, no involvement, no organization, no understanding, no caring, and not enough power to dominate, or help, in any way. No…Gvmt.
Thus, to move forward, it is necessary to kill ppl, decimate villages, destroy agriculture; infrastructure; anything about, such as roads, bridges, water pipes – it is all good…
The emphasis, in fact, IS on holding territory, but slowly, bit by bit.
The models are Afghanistan (no longer considered important or successful, as failure is obvious) and most particularly, Israel.
There are now 4 million Iraqis displaced. I am sure some consider that number much too small. The Int’l community is refusing to give money or welcome refugees…
Posted by: Noirette | Apr 20 2007 17:38 utc | 8
First off, I wish to say that Bernhard’s threads/topics and the corresponding posts by everyone lately have been excellent. It is a pleasure reading all the info provided on Moon of Alabama. Learning more from a variety of sources is truly one of the pleasures that I have in life.
With that said, the following personal rant is definitely off-topic and maybe not that educational. Bernhard, feel free to remove it if you feel it is too personal or off-topic.
Speaking of “Gated Communities” and “democracy”…
The people in my neighborhood are obligated to maintain a 7 mile “public” dirt road –all lots pay $500 per developer’s deeds (Weyerhaeuser Corp.). According to the N.C. Planned Community Act, enacted a few years back (enacted after my purchase) and retroactive by the statute, my private home now automatically becomes subject to the tyranny of “democracy” and that fascist law. According to some regarding that law, anyone paying maintenance fees of any sort (even if only to maintain a community flowerbed) is now subject to that law which basically gives the Board of Directors complete control over one’s property. Please don’t anyone talk to me how great ‘democracy’ is, and so often, I see little difference between extreme left and extreme right positions regarding personal freedom. The methods used by the ‘deciders’ in an HOA are very similar to the methods used by my other elected ‘deciders’, our Republican/Democrat leaders who are just power tripping jerks in all branches of our federal and state governments. It is all just a matter of scale. Last year the HOA Board attempted to gate the entrance road with an electronic ‘locked gate’. I tore it down by removing the cylinders that allowed it to open and close. The HOA board called the police on me; however, the police know me and agreed that the HOA Board had no right to restrict traffic to my home with a locked gate. Now the Board members are attempting to put it back up along with cameras to watch everyone’s coming and going -meaning mainly watching myself, wife, our friends, our deliveries, etc., as only three or four houses exist there where people live. There are three or four vacant houses for sale, and most of the thirty-three total lots remain vacant (no house), much of this vacancy for obvious reasons. By the way, 95% of the homes/lots for sale in this very rural county are in HOA’s, that is, small “private” democracies, and outside the bounds of the protections of our Constitution. In some areas of the country, like surrounding areas of Las Vegas, there are HOA’s with 40,000 homes. It is all quite lucrative for various vendors: lawyers, developers, management companies and so forth. CAI (Community Associations Institute) is a national lobby group for these industries, including attorneys. CAI, along with the NC State Bar Association, was instrumental in passing the NC Planned Community Act. And don’t think the rest of the world is immune from this HOA phenomenon. The concept is being exported to many different countries. Unfortunately, the U.S. Constitution was designed to protect the individual from “democratic tyranny”, but in practice, there is little left now for any protections for Americans. Without a doubt, the Corporatism that I so often describe here at Moon is the major factor in the erosion of U.S. freedoms and protections, and a major cause of so much suffering in today’s world.
Below is an email I received yesterday from one of the HOA Board members (one who is obviously not part of the ‘club’, and doesn’t live there) who sent me this on the sly:
———- Original Message ———————————-
From: “James D Schulteis”
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2007 08:22:17 -0400
Hello Rick ,, thought I should pass this on . You may all ready have it .
—– Original Message —–
From: JAMES R. OSTER
To: Jim Schulteis ; Paula Seabright ; Randall Knight ; Gary Snow ; Robert Hollatschek ; Lou Cannon
Sent: Wednesday, April 18, 2007 6:16 PM
Subject: Agreement
I would like the Board to endorse my meeting with the HOA lawyer (from Ward & Smith) to confirm our associations legitamicy by legal judgement. This is required to once and for all put the contention of Rick Happ that we are not a legal organization to rest. As a result of this judgement we, the association, can prosecute before a judge any of Rick’s actions as it pertains to establishing the gate and any other situation the CPHOA finds itself in with Rick in the future. We need to take this action or face Rick’s continual deranged behavior in the future as he will continue to use this excuse to thwart police/legal involvement. Based on past personal training, people like Rick need to be sent a message in order to control their irrational actions.
I would suspect that this will cost the HOA a few hundred dollars, but I think you would agree, it is money well spent. Remember, if left in doubt of the legal standing of the Creek Pointe HOA future problems will cost even more to resolve.
Jim
JAMES R. OSTER
osterj@coastalnet.com
(252) 635-9060
(252) 671-5926 (cell)
Posted by: Rick | Apr 20 2007 19:16 utc | 11
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