Moon of Alabama Brecht quote
June 11, 2005
Fragging

US forces only, Total: since March 2003, all month 2005 via icasualties.org

Frag is a term from the Vietnam war, most commonly meaning to assassinate an unpopular member of one’s own fighting unit by dropping a fragmentation grenade into the victim’s tent at night. The idea was that the attack would be blamed on the enemy, and, due to the dead man’s unpopularity, no one would contradict the cover story. Fragging could also imply intentional friendly fire during combat.


Fragging
most often involved the killing of an unpopular or inept Commanding Officer. If a C.O. was incompetent, the belief was that fragging the officer was an extreme means to the ends of self preservation for the men serving under him. The nightmarish vision of fragging served as a warning to the junior officers to avoid earning the ire of the enlisted men being commanded through recklessness, cowardice, or lack of leadership.
Wikipedia Frag

The U.S. military has launched a criminal inquiry into the killings of two Army officers at a base north of Baghdad, the military said Friday.
The soldiers were killed Tuesday evening in what the military first believed was an "indirect fire" attack on Forward Operating Base Danger in Tikrit, 80 miles north of Baghdad, a military statement said. An indirect fire attack involves enemy artillery or mortar rounds fired from a location some distance away.

"Upon further examination of the scene by explosive ordnance personnel, it was determined the blast pattern was inconsistent with a mortar attack," the statement added without elaborating.

The officers, Capt. Phillip T. Esposito and 1st Lt. Louis E. Allen, were assigned to the 42nd Infantry Division, New York Army National Guard. Esposito was company commander and Allen served as a company operations officer.
Salon, 10 June 2005 Criminal inquiry launched in GI deaths

"Frag incidents" or just "fragging" is current soldier slang in Vietnam for the murder or attempted murder of strict, unpopular, or just aggressive officers and NCOs. With extreme reluctance (after a young West Pointer from Senator Mike Mansfield’s Montana was fragged in his sleep) the Pentagon has now disclosed that fraggings in 1970(109) have more than doubled those of the previous year (96).

Word of the deaths of officers will bring cheers at troop movies or in bivouacs of certain units.

In one such division — the morale plagued Americal — fraggings during 1971 have been authoritatively estimated to be running about one a week.
Armed Forces Journal, 7 June 1971 THE COLLAPSE OF THE ARMED FORCES

Comments

Iraq is Vietnam on crack. I wonder if we’re already moving from the phase where the attitude of the grunts is “Kill’em all and let God sort it out” to “hey, let’s not kill anybody.” It took the US Army 30 years to recover from Vietnam, and less than 30 months for Bush to break it.

Posted by: Aigin | Jun 11 2005 20:35 utc | 1

fragging. well it’s certainly one way for the workers within the armed forces to aid the iraq resistance

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 11 2005 20:40 utc | 2

You are cordially invited to Join Us For The World Premiere Of
Sir! No Sir!

At The Los Angeles Independent Film Festival
Sunday, June 19, 7 Pm
Directors Guild Theater
7920 Sunset Blvd
Second Screening Thursday, June 23, 5:00 Pm
Tickets At http://Www.Lafilmfest.Com
Info At http://Www.Sirnosir.Com

Opening narration of Sir! No Sir!:

There is no more appropriate time than now to tell the riveting, incendiary story of the GI Antiwar Movement during the Vietnam War. Help us launch this crucial film into the world by spreading the word and attending the premiere.
In the 1960’s an anti-war movement emerged that altered the course of history.
This movement didn’t take place on college campuses, but in barracks and on ships.
It flourished in army stockades, navy brigs and in the dingy towns that surround military bases. It penetrated elite military colleges like West Point.
And it spread throughout the battlefields of Vietnam.
It was a movement no one expected, least of all those in it. Hundreds went to prison and thousands into exile.
And by 1971 it had, in the words of one colonel, infested the entire armed services. Yet today few people know about the GI movement against the war in Vietnam.

1965-1967: A Few Malcontents:

As the Johnson administration turns what was initially a small Police Action into an all-out war and the peace movement begins, isolated individuals and small groups in the military refuse to participate and are severely punished:
Lt. Henry Howe is sentenced to two years hard labor for attending an antiwar demonstration; the Ft. Hood 3 are sentenced to three years hard labor for refusing duty in Vietnam; Howard Levy, a military doctor, refuses to train Special Forces troops and is court-martialed as Donald Duncan, a celebrated member of the Green Berets, resigns after a year in Vietnam; and Corporal William Harvey and Private George Daniels are sentenced to up to ten years in 1967 for meeting with other marines on Camp Pendleton to discuss whether Blacks should fight in Vietnam.

1968-1969: They Thought the Revolution was Starting:

The war escalates as the peace movement becomes an international mass movement, and soldiers begin forming organizations and taking collective action: The Ft. Hood 43, Black soldiers who refused riot-control duty at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, are sentenced for up to 18 months each; the largest military prison in Vietnam, Long Binh Jail (affectionately called LBJ by the troops), is taken over by Black soldiers who hold it for two months; The Presidio 27 prisoners in the stockade on the Presidio Army Base in San Francisco are charged with mutiny, a capital offense, when they refuse to work after a mentally ill prisoner is killed; underground newspapers published by antiwar GIs appear at almost every military base in the country; the American Servicemans Union is formed; antiwar coffeehouses are established outside of military bases.
In Vietnam, small combat-refusals occur and are quickly suppressed, but on Christmas Eve, 1969, 50 GIs participate in an illegal antiwar demonstration in Saigon. Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) is formed.

1970-1973: Sir, My Men Refuse to Fight:

Opposition to the war turns militant and the counter-culture rises to its peak: Tens of thousands of soldiers desert and flee to Canada, France and Sweden; thousands of soldiers organize and participate in Armed Farces Day demonstrations at military bases; drug use is rampant and underground radio networks flourish in Vietnam as Black and white soldiers increasingly identify with the Antiwar and Black Liberation movements; combat refusals and fragging of officers in Vietnam are epidemic.
Thousands are jailed for refusing to fight or simply defying military authority, and nearly every U.S. military prison in the world is hit by riots.
Jane Fondas antiwar review, The FTA Show, tours military bases and is cheered by tens of thousands of soldiers; the Pentagon concludes that over half the ground troops openly oppose the war and shifts its combat strategy from a ground war to an air war; the Navy and Air Force are both riddled with mutinies and acts of sabotage.
VVAW holds the Winter Soldier Investigation, exposing American war crimes through the testimony of veterans, and stages the most dramatic demonstration of the Vietnam era as hundreds of veterans hurl their medals onto the Capitol steps.

Epilogue: The Birth of the Spitting Image

As the U.S. military and its allies flee Vietnam in disarray in the Spring of 1975, the government, the media, and Hollywood begin a 20 year process of erasing the GI movement from the collective memory of the nation and the world.

Want know more ?

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 11 2005 21:09 utc | 3

the little table at the top says that there were THREE TIMES as much dead officers in april as in march, in percentage of the total dead. and between may and june there is again a jump of 60% of officers as share of the total dead.
either the resistence is becoming better at picking of the officers, or there are some very unhappy soldiers over there.

Posted by: name | Jun 11 2005 21:12 utc | 4

@name – the numbers are really too small to have much statistical relevance, esp. when you look at “growth rates”. I just wonder if they might develop into something significant.
What I am missing so far in the picture is drug usage. Afghanistan is producing record amounts of opium and heroin. The borders from Afghanistan via Iran to Iraq are wide open. The U.S. bases are more closed than in Vietnam, but there are always local workers there.
First news of Heroin usage or other drugs on U.S. bases in Iraq and the Viet Nam pattern will apply. I guess it is there, but there was no report yet.

Posted by: b | Jun 11 2005 21:32 utc | 5

outrage
do you have or know of any material on fragiing in vietnam. i know the figures are between 1,000 – 2,000 . i have read through journams & histories which even suggest the numbers were more important
fragging has occurred since wars began but it seems the american army like its society builds within itself, its own disease
i would assume that in iraq & afghanistan – the numbers would be more significant because they are finding local cannon fodder very reluctant
i would assume there must have been studies on fragging at the war college, citadel, west point – i would assume that it is also factored in – that they are not blind to it – or are they
i remember for example a vietnamese comrade saying they had troop, black troops who had deserted from the the u s army but i have never seen it mentioned except an allussion made by david hilliard of the black panther party
it’s strange tho – when you think of crete, of singapore of the phillipines & new guinea – where the elites essentially fragged their entire troops by the shaemeful leadership
execrable leadership is fragging of the rank & file soldier

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 11 2005 21:32 utc | 6

@remembereringgiap
Check out these links
Military Law Task Force Website
Figures for the Vietnam Conflict are also not known but figures for all US forces throughout the world are known.
The Armed Forces Journal in June, 1971
Cheers.

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 11 2005 21:45 utc | 7

i insist a little on the fragging because it is clear tha throughout history & especially recent history an army that is led immorally – will act immorally & that gragging necomes & natural & intrinsic part of the governing morality at work
the germans armies in europe acted immorally whether they were frontline troops, suppliers or police batallions – the slaughter of 20,000,000 russians was done from the most part by soldiers in action but mostly in slaughters, in massacres & in genocide. this behaviour did not change really until the defence of moscow & was concretised in leningrad & stalingrad. when the perpetrator – understood practically that the victim was about to to turn the tables & they themselves woulf be slaughtered. it was not a change of morality – simply a change of circumstances
now it seems that even a rank & file soldier of the u s in raq must understand at the most level – that what they are participating in is at once illegal & certainly immoral. they must have in their day to day experiences – many moments of comprehending that in its terrible vigour. they too like mortal men must understand that they too could be on the receiving end & in the case of the receiving end – it seems capable of coming out of nowhere
it would seem then that fragging enters the fabriic of the soldiers in a rather quotidian way – when you slaughter innocents – what is the difference if he wears an american uniform & is know for negelcting his men
we have already had many many examples of where the iraqui cannon fodder refuse to fight, we have had examples just recently of entire sections of troops refusing commands it would not seem a quantam leap to see that fragging has already occured in iraq in larger numbers than b has offered
tonigh french radio details a new slaughter of ‘insurgent’ who will no doubt turn out to be for the most part non combatants, again. this army that parades its slaughter as if it is trying to win a prize on a game show
again outraged i’d be thanful for any information & commentary you are able to offer

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 11 2005 21:59 utc | 8

I wonder if the problem, at this time, is fragging? Is it possible that enough “grunts” have been injured or killed, with few enough fresh recruits coming down the pipeline, that officers are obliged to put themselves more in the line of fire due to the manpower shortage?
I don’t know enough about the figures, and this post is not coming up properly for me. But it seems like a possibility to be considered at least.

Posted by: Ferdzy | Jun 11 2005 22:05 utc | 9

b- thanks for pointing out the essential fact at this point that the numbers are way too small to detect a trend of any kind yet. Just one officer killed completely changes the trend, and we can all agree that one death less or more in Iraq is not statistically significant.
When we have numbers that say 50 officers were killed when earlier number would have suggested 20, then you have a trend.

Posted by: Jérôme | Jun 11 2005 22:06 utc | 10

As I understand it, fragging occurred when commanders insisted that their units go out on patrol in heavily mined terrain. Tripping an IED on a road is a different state of affairs, because it’s not as if the commander were ordering his troops to leave the road and patrol some minefield or other. In fact it occurs to me that a commander’s chances for promotion in Iraq may hinge on keeping his own casualties to a minimum, rather than raising his unit’s “kill ratio”. Two different wars, two different disasters.

Posted by: alabama | Jun 11 2005 22:53 utc | 11

alabama
i don’t think there is just the precondition. i think outraged in the last few days has provided detailed & clear evidence of troops being left ‘out in the cold’ – by leadership decisions. i would assume as i sd that a corrupt morality produces corrupt practice – thus fraggings become a habitual part of ‘open’ warfare

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 11 2005 22:59 utc | 12

Hmmm, things are certainly not well re the troops morale in Iraq and Afghanistan, however, intentional ‘friendly fire’ incidents, especially premediated fratricide. require as a precondition a complete collapse of the ledaership of the NCO Corps and a near mutinous reltionship between the enlisted ranks and the comissioned officers corps.
I would suggest there is some very considerable way to go yet re Iraq and Afghanistan for those preconditions to be met, yet not the fantastical possibility it would have been considered 2 years ago.
However, official record or reports of ‘fragging’ incidents is anathema within the services, even more so than acknowledgement of allied ‘friendly fire’ due to negligence for obvious reasons. Troops involved also have a vested interested where it occurs in having it ‘written off’ as ‘enemy action’, if even just as a plausible explanation …

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 11 2005 23:27 utc | 13

imho Alabama is right when he says ” Two different wars, two different disasters.” We have to stop thinking that Iraq is Vietnam redux. They are both wars of occupation so in that sense there will be similarities, but Iraq is occurring in a vastly different consciousness than Vietnam.
Wha? Well think about it. Those of us that can claim to have been around in both times and can still objectively recall that far back (an almost impossible task) may remember Vietnam occurred at a time when the bulk of humanity in the West was complacently certain that everything was basically fine in our technological construct. Sure we had a bit to do to keep our communities focussed on values rather than material outcomes, but few doubted that the material outcomes were available to all who strived for them.
This is not the consciousness in the west at the moment. There is an underlying fear throughout developed communities that it aint gonna last. I’m not arguing one way or another whether that is a correct perception we all have an view on that but in terms of why Iraqis are being slaughtered and pillaged that truth is irrelevant. The perception far more weighty than the substance.
I firmly believe that most US citizens are well aware their war is over their lifestyle and the reason they supported BushCo was that they could keep the fight going without having to confront that elephant in the living room. This is where Blair has come unstuck. After two decades of blatant Me! Me! philiosophy the Brits would have been happier to have fought the war for oil than an obviously unsustainable argument about world peace and democracy.
So where does than leave ‘fragging’? It is a feature of war that has probably existed since clans melded into tribes. It is more likely an indicator of discipline than morale about whether the war is good or bad, winnable or unwinnable.
This war is not going to be stopped the same way as Vietnam which just sorta petered out. I have no idea how it will stop, if it stops, because I for one am far too far away from the mood of the US culture. A quick study of history tells us that major wars between two large cultures are not fought the same way twice. Make no mistake this war is not just with the citizens of Iraq it is with the entire Middle East.
That said though it is still just another war between a dominant culture and a rising culture. I would be interested to hear from those who claim that THIS war is the war to end wars, how they have arrived at that conclusion. The claim that a particular war is armeggeddonly different from those that went before is made about every one of these ‘earth shattering’ conflicts and as yet I haven’t seen anything that makes this one more world ending than any of the others.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 11 2005 23:41 utc | 14

They’re not speaking for us …
Soldier Rap, The Pulse of War

The sound may be raw, but the lyrics tell a story from Iraq that you don’t often hear—from the soldiers on the streets.
By Scott Johnson and Eve Conant
Newsweek
June 13 issue – It took only a few ambushes, roadside bombs and corpses for Neal Saunders to know what he had to do: turn the streets of Baghdad into rap music. So the First Cavalry sergeant, then newly arrived for a year of duty in Sadr City, began hoarding his monthly paychecks and seeking out a U.S. supplier willing to ship a keyboard, digital mixer, cable, microphones and headphones to an overseas military address. He hammered together a plywood shack, tacked up some cheap mattress pads for soundproofing and invited other Task Force 112 members to join him in his jerry-built studio. They call themselves “4th25″—pronounced fourth quarter, like the final do-or-die minutes of a game—and their album is “Live From Iraq.” The sound may be raw, even by rap standards, but it expresses things that soldiers usually keep bottled up. “You can’t call home and tell your mom your door got blown off by an IED,” says Saunders. “No one talks about what we’re going through. Sure, there are generals on the TV, but they’re not speaking for us. We’re venting for everybody.”

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 11 2005 23:44 utc | 15

Bernard, you’re a nutball. Do a 90-day running average and your “frag” theory goes away. More likely it’s due to new
recruits being shown the ropes by junior officers having
to stick their necks out, and the recent US anti-insurgent
attack increases, instead of just manning Baghdad roadblocks.
We are all complicit? Compare the Senate vote 100-0 for a
$2,000M per month open checkbook on Iraq, against American
public opinion polls on same at 64% against, 36% for, and
your theory that we are all complicit in Iraq, because of
our “extravagant” lifestyle is pure horsepuckey.
“O-o-o-h, it’s all our faults (SFX teeth-gnashing and sobs)
and it won’t get any better until we all stop gasturbating.”
Come on, man, quit throwing more s–t with the Pub monkeys.
The Senate voted 100-0 because they’r spineless bastards,
and they know the 101 Keyboardist Mike Foxtrot’rs will kill
their political careers as “traitors” and “unamericans”,
as it gets spun up into the Murdoch One Media USA Pravda.
America is f–ked. Completely royally f–ked. Gen. Eisenhower
warned US first, then Viet Nam warned US, then Panama, then
Grenada, then Nicaragua, now the DeLay-Frist-and-Ollie Show
has taken over our country’s estate and our national defense.
Civil war will break out in 2007. Chart that.

Posted by: lash marks | Jun 12 2005 0:00 utc | 16

debs
a simple reminder
the vietnam war didn’t peter out
it was won by the vietnamese people, heroically
& whatever you want to call the iraqui resistance – in the face of the american war machine – they are heroic

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 12 2005 0:07 utc | 17

LIEUTENANT DUMB-ASS

As a combat medic, I was pulling morning perimeter security with two of my soldiers in Mosul.
At 0445 our brand-new 22-year-old, dumb-ass platoon leader started running beyond the perimeter and screaming, l see enemy activity in that building!
The building was 200 meters away, and as he began running toward it, without a helmet or flak vest, I said to him, Sir, dont go out there. He told me, Staff Sergeant, dont tell me what to do.
He got about 30 meters and then he took a round in the neck. I called out to my soldiers, who were each in their own foxholes, Watch my lane. Im going to get dumb-ass.
After I stopped the bleeding with a pressure dressing, I got shot in the stomach through my flak vest. When I returned to the world, his parents wrote me a letter thanking me for saving their son. I wrote them back, asking them why they let their dumb-ass son join the army and told them he was going to get himself or someone else killed.
Now I have a hole and a tube in my stomach. Just doing my job.


Staff Sergeant J. D.

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 12 2005 0:13 utc | 18

@giap I don’t doubt the heroism of the vietnamese people but post Tet they were on their back foot. A different attitude in the US would have had them being “bombed backed to the stoneage” as the war criminals had threatened.
The vietnamese ‘win’, tho I’m not sure the farmers and families living close to the chemical warfare would feel that they won, came about because the US lost their stomach for a fight and reversed as quickly as they could without admitting they were in reverse.
Arguments that the vietnamese won because they destroyed US morale don’t consider that the ppl in the US quite simply weren’t hungry enough in the first place.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 12 2005 0:47 utc | 19

@Debs is dead
Revisionist views of history seem live and well …
North Vietnam had already been bombed back to the stone age well and truly prior to ’68 Tet and CONTINUED to be consistently bombed well through ’73, right down to dropping 250Kg iron bombs on oxen carts, and covertly even after that ’til ’75, let alone areas of South Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia. And even thirty years later the elites of the US still conduct spiteful, revenge filled economic and political warfare against them for daring not to bow and grovel before American Exceptionalism and imperial power through military might.
The Vietnamese were committed to national freedom and independance from yet another in a long string of foreign occupiers. The US lost 58,000, so fucking what. The Vietnamese lost over 2 million and whats more hundreds still die each year, for thirty years now, because of the millions of tons of unexploded bombs and ordnance still scattered throughout the country let alone the thousands still being born with deformities and illnesses due to more causes than just the criminal poisons of Agent Orange throughout thier entire biosystem.
As a people they were in it for the long haul, strategically, and there was no cost or burden that would stray them from that course.
The American myths of being somehow cheated in Vietnam are exactly that, myths. The Vietnamese won. They won because they were in the right. They won because they were fighting true total war, through the spirit of thier people and national identity.
The mendacious ‘American War’, as the Vietnamese people call it, was never going to win, no matter the treasure or lives squandered. Its as simple as that.
Anyone who has read or seen the accounts of the ‘ordinary’ vietnamese of thier total committmnet cannot doubt otherwise. As R’Giap eloquently points out, the strength of thier spirit, humanity and value of life in the face or utterly ruthless, immoral militarism and colonialism is undeniable.

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 12 2005 1:13 utc | 20

outraged
what was it ho sd
“nothing is more precious than self determination & freedom”
this statement has not lost its value or its truth. it is the reason, as you suggest, why this illegal adventure of the american imperium will not succeed, coud never succeed.
every attempt it makes to assert it hegemony brings death but also brings shame to a world that does nothing to oppose it
outraged, i think you & i through very different routes have arrived at an elemental humanism – at a politics informed by the human heart. our lives before this – just a passage to arrive at what we are committed to do today
& i want as someone who has come to know you from the whisky bar & here -& to trust your researches & in fact to utilise them – that you are also here for the long haul & i want you to take care – to take things slowly but to keep on giving as you do here – because its importance cannot be underestimated. unhappily i just offer a view – you offer the facts – or the routes by which we can arrive at the facts
& it is strange or not so strange – that an aspect of my enlightenment was through a reading, a close reading ofthe texts of kim philby & of the practical histories of james jesus angelton (by the way do you know that roman à vlef about him called ‘flowers for mother'(?) & though the analaysts especially in the vietnam war were my direct enemies – i came to understand that amongs the best of them existed people who really did understand the fragility of this world – whether it was an gee or an mcgovern or any number of people whose counsel was never listened to. today i imagine if an analyst does not understand his or her job as a publicist or propogandist – they have no chance of being listend to at all. i imagine in large part in the last ten years the ‘truthtellers have been emptied from the intelligence temple
in any case wanted you to know again that your hard work is cherished

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 12 2005 1:42 utc | 21

I haven’t seen anything that makes this one more world ending than any of the others.
You won’t, either, unless it kills you.

Posted by: kelley b. | Jun 12 2005 1:46 utc | 22

outraged/debs
Is it not mainly a question of perspective? If I want to I can formulate the end of ww1 as a win for the western part of the entente or as the german people not wanting to win bad enough. What differs is who is the subject and who is the object – whos actions are consequences of whos? In american media the US is of course the actor but when we step away from the stories told there are never any prime mover. No one started a process involving many people, they all did in different ways.
In the end those not wanting an american military presence in Vietnam won over those that wanted one. To assign these roles to nations or armies is to simplify things to much.

Posted by: A swedish kind of death | Jun 12 2005 1:53 utc | 23

Swedish said “In the end those not wanting an american military presence in Vietnam won over those that wanted one. To assign these roles to nations or armies is to simplify things to much.”
They didn’t win Swedish. Those that wanted one got another chance; those not wanting have been rolled over once, twice again. One might say it is an endless conflict between the warriors and the other, but the warriors it seems, hold rational thought in contempt, and will win the conflict no matter what.
I will agree that it is oversimplification to assign these roles to nations or armies. Much more the resposibility of the propagandists, of whatever nationality (usually American and/or British)

Posted by: rapt | Jun 12 2005 2:17 utc | 24

@A swedish kind of death
I aplogise if my words or sentiment offended.
Yet, I find I can no longer look back through time, history and events and understand why it is that “America, my country, right or wrong!” or “Support the Troops” is still argued or a matter of jingoist patriotic faith.
Stomaching the entrenched bigotry and racism of the ‘pricelous’ value of an American life as somehow more precious than any other is no longer possible.
This nation has inavded and brutalised peoples beyond count since the end of the Civil War throughout the world yet continues to forget or revise history to serve yet another project of venal greed and power.
Truth, Justice and Liberty. Whose truth ? Whose Justice ? Liberty for whom ?
When will the lies, deciet and ruthless gross systemic manipulations end ?
Countless Viet vets have come to terms with thier past in the crime that was Vietnam … others of us have come to terms with our contributions to the racket that is Americas capital driven wars, overt and covert, of aggression, conquest and exploitation.
Its about time we started to stop rationalising, revising, forgetting, justifying crimes against humanity (in the individual spirit and physical aspects of man sense) simply to justify our pseudo-aryan right to an ‘American way of life’ when the cost for that house in the burbs or two car SUV garage is ultimately another human beings or familes lives or qaulity of life somewhere else in the world …
Our corrupt political system crows of our supposed generosity of spirit as a nation and in reality we donate 0.02% of wealth in aid … that really says it all.
Our predecessors killed ~500,000 Phillipinos over a 50 year colonial occupation from the start of last century, man woman and child and probably less than 1 in 10,000 Americans even know … as long as we keep creating excuses for our past and current actions there will be no shortage of future Iraq’s, Vietnam’s, Cuba’s, Chile’s, Hawaii’s, Peurto Rico’s, Grenada’s et al.

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 12 2005 2:28 utc | 25

There’s going to be little fragging in Iraq. In Nam, the army were conscripts who just wanted to survive the tour of duty (one year). They appreciated officers who avoided unnecessary risk and greatly resented those who were “gung ho”. The instances of fragging were often based on a group decision. There were also cases of personality conflict and psychiatric problems in the recruits that, and it is difficult to disentangle these from fragging due to poor command and rational calculations of personal risk.

Posted by: Roger Bigod | Jun 12 2005 3:41 utc | 26

Fragging, in my experience was essentially a method of exerting the will of a particular unit over its command structure (on the company level). From the troop perspective, any CO or LT taking undue risk, making poor field decisions, would soon get rumors of bounty being placed on their head.
On one occasion, I saw a new LT trying to assert his authority by giving an order to “assult” a couple of NVA positions (dug in) which had pinned the company down. After shouting out the order — he realized that no one had moved, but were instead stareing at him with that special gaze that said “who the fuck do you think you are” — he apparently got the message as he then, I kid you not, shouted out “I”m sorry!” — right in the middle of the firefight.
There is a point I suppose, where the steam just runs out, when it becomes self evident that people are killing for nothing and dying for nothing — and complicity becomes contrary, first in rote self (& comrads) preservation, then as moral imperative.
At that point the genie is pretty much out ah the bottle, with curses not wishes.

Posted by: anna missed | Jun 12 2005 4:01 utc | 27

I was there and the best description of the last years of the US Army in Vietnam was Mute Mutiny. The only goal was to get high and survive. There weren’t any Lifers left except the First Sergeants, Colonels and Generals punching their tickets. Shake and Bake Sergeants and Officers were trying to survive, too. There were crazy Swift Boat types around but they were weeded out of the Army in the field by 1969-1970.
What is shocking about the numbers above are the 24 Majors and Colonels killed. My company spent a year trying to pacify a valley in II Corps. Both Captains made it through their 6 month tours in the field. A few enlisted make it 9 months and made it to the rear. All the rest were medivaced, literally hundreds of soldiers. Even the lightly wounded never came back. The Majors and Colonels were all at battalion or brigade level and never ever were on the ground in danger.
This is just one more indication that Iraq is a hell of lot more dangerous than Vietnam except when crazy officers sent the Grunts charging up hills against main force NVA.
The one true thing about War is that the State and its lapdog media will not tell the truth. War: Realities and Myths has one of the best description of those drawn to war. The real question is why do old men want power so much that they can glory in killing 1698 fellow Americans. How could the Generals be so addicted to power and status that couldn’t tell their civilian leadership what a fools errand they were embarking on that got 147 of their fellow officers killed.

Posted by: Jim S | Jun 12 2005 4:18 utc | 28

I saw the same item that Bernhard did and immediately had the same thought — it’s a fragging. But then I had the same thought as Roger — this isn’t a conscript army, these guys are professionals. The facts about the incident in Tikrit are still murky. Let’s not jump to conclusions.
But then I thought about the number of reservists who’ve been screwed over, and the fact that some regulars are coming up on their third tour of duty, and how obvious it must be to many of them that the situation is completely fucked up. I also remembered some articles and letters I saw back in ’03 on David Hackworth’s old site, Soldiers For the Truth, that described what total shits some of the officers were:

I went to a division rear in May and practically got in a fist fight with this Captain up there over letting my private, who hadn’t contacted home since we left the U.S., send an e-mail over his office’s internet. This clown spends his days sending flowers to his wife and surfing the net and he won’t let my private send an e-mail to her husband. Fucking disgraceful and all too typical of today’s army.

And I also thought about how much more violent and borderline psychotic American society is these days than it was 40 years ago. I mean, back home people get popped every day for reasons that are insanely trivial — especially when compared to the shit going down in Iraq.
So now I’m leaning back the other way. I don’t think we’re looking at an epidemic of fragging in Iraq yet, but I wouldn’t be surprised to learn that it is happening.
When the guys they REALLY ought to be wasting are sitting behind desks in Washington.

Posted by: Billmon | Jun 12 2005 4:22 utc | 29

I was in Nam in 68-70, and I think Jim S has described the classical fragging situation. Nobody discussed politics. The goal was to survive and an over-enthusiastic Lt or Cptn got in the way of the goal. I think the interface between the gung ho or careerist types is more up at batallion level in Iraq. Also, Nam had a lot of action against identifiable military units, when a Lt could ask his men to expose themselves.
There were overt psychotics in Nam, not just borderline. I was at a hospital on the coast in II Corps for a while. There was an engineering unit in the neighborhood that gave us a lot of business. One case was a GI brought in after an “accident” cleaning his rifle. We pumped gallons of blood into him, to no avail. I chatted up some of the guys who brought him in, and the story was that he had been hearing voices for months and lately his side of the conversation had been taking an unfriendly tone. He had been sent to a facility for psychiatric evaluation and the shrinks sent him back to duty. The guys in his barracks were fussy about sharing quarters with an actively hallucinating paranoid schizophrenic and his M16. So there had been an accident, and a delay in getting him to the ER while he was still conscious.
I think the normal enlistment program filters out this kind of thing. Possibly the reserves have poorer quality control. The comedians of Abu Ghraib might have had trouble with volunteer enlistment.
Nam was for many people more surreal than dangerous. The personnal policies were so crappy that 90% of the people were in non-combat roles. The cities were secure enough (with local police) that it was possible to go to a restaurant or shop, although it wasn’t encouraged. There could be sudden danger, and there was always the awareness that a few miles away people were shooting guns. I suspect daily physical danger stress is much greater for most people in Iraq. This tension may contribute to random violence, but not what I think of as fragging.

Posted by: Roger Bigod | Jun 12 2005 6:07 utc | 30

Doubtless everyone is in bed by now n I’m just back from an outing to see that everyone has had their two bob’s worth on the vietnam thing and as per usual we have all been talking at cross purposes.
I have no doubt that the vietnamese people were heroic and had centuries of experience resisting foreign invaders. I also have no doubt that they outlasted the US invasion but I say again that had as much to do with the psyche in the US at the time as it did with the heroic resistance.
Right isn’t always might you know if it were we wouldn’t be having these conversations every generation or so. People would have learned by natural selection that invasion of another’s lands is always unsuccessful. Were that it be so.
The sad truth is that like most human endeavour there is no absolute truth, no unified field theory. Socratic thinking doesn’t work well when the act of observation inevitably alters the outcome.
Wha? Sometimes the invaders are hungry strong and desperate enough to win even though the invaded have a home advantage. In another time without making any changes to the collective state of mind of the Vietnamese, the US may have prevailed because there was a difference in the US collective state of mind.
I’m not pointing this out to ‘win’ a discussion (which IMHO can’t be won) but rather to highlight another human trait, one that is continually played upon by assholes to get others to die for them. That is the tendency to see things in black and white. In this case the vietnamese as heroes and therefore good and the US as villains and therefore bad.
Now Giap don’t get me wrong I believe that what western countries did in Soth East Asia, in particular the US in Vietnam was morally unconscionable. What I don’t believe is that made the NLF and NVA saints by definition.
On the surface it doesn’t matter does it? I think it does. It is possible to run the argument that the worst possible outcome for WW2 was discovering that the actions of the Nazis in the concentration camps was so foul that rather than looking back at this war as an argument between greedy bullies it was a fight for all that is right, honorable and proper. That outcome enabled politicians to sell future wars as idealistic enterprises in a way that wasn’t possible after WW1 and caused great reluctance on the part of most ordinary people to buy into WW2.
Once the war started the Allies did have evidence of the foulness the Nazis were perpetrating but they kept a lid on that knowledge as best they could in order to prevent some sort of idealism getting in the way of the post war carve up strategy. While they claim now that is why they went to war if you read contemporary accounts from that time, the fate of the european jewish community was well down the list of priorities in the minds of Curchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.
I too have friends from Indochina, some of them are Khmer and not supporters of Pol Pot but they would like their country back. Hun Sen is a despot who still does Vietnam’s bidding. Similarly there are plenty of people in the south around Ho Chi Minh city who aren’t ethnic chinese but do feel the southerners copped the rough end of the pinapple after re-unification.
These people I talk about aren’t heroes or perfect either. I just wish we would all stop believing that for some thing or someone to be right or true, they must always be right and true.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 12 2005 6:11 utc | 31

Someone above remarked that we (America) are not all complicit, pointing out the 64% or so who *now* oppose the war.
I’d like to suggest that his is irrelevant.
History is extremely unjust when it comes to collective responsibility. People pay en masse for their leaders’ crimes. The just and the unjust alike.
I’m pretty sure there must have been anti-Hitler Germans in Dresden, anti-Tojo Japanese in Hiroshima, and let’s face it, there was a lot of anti-Saddam folks who died in Baghdad during Shock & Awe.
Plus “we” reelected Bush. I recall a British colleague telling me in 2003 that if “we” did so, “we” would be on our own…
Iraq does share certain similarities with Viet Nam, and there are differences too, but I think the greatest difference, by far, is that theree never ever was any credible notion that the Viet Cong would somehow come to the US and strike at us on US soil. The Vietnamese were not like the IRA or the GIA.
A war is not over when one side unilaterally declare peace; it is over when both sides decide to to stop killing each other.
I don’t see this happening in the near future, do you?

Posted by: Lupin | Jun 12 2005 7:10 utc | 32

In some ways it’s a damn shame that they didn’t blow up congress, the vietnamese that is, but lets face it the vietnamese nationalists were nothing if not pragmatic.
Surely there is no credible sense in the US at the moment that the Iraqis will blow them up at Walmart while they are buying the latest piece of crap manufactured in a chinese labor camp?
I know I said above that this war isn’t just against the Iraqis, it’s against virtually the whole of the middle east, but 911 notwithstanding any half wit can see that the ‘enemy’ lacks the resources, much less the will to inflict any sort of serious sustained damage on the US. That could change further down the track, but as far as I can see the only mob capable of doing anything serious (the North Koreans) are being left alone precisely because they have that capability.
I realise that BushCo have worked hard to engender that fear but it must be wearing pretty thin by now. In fact the shortage of any recent red alerts or whatever they call them, surely shows that the spinmeisters know that terror fatigue has set in.
Even if Osama had the resources I doubt they could persuade him to do an encore. After 911 anything else would have to be anti-climactic and would certainly cost Bin Laden credibility with the rest of the middle eastern political class.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 12 2005 7:27 utc | 33

…the shortage of any recent red alerts or whatever they call them, surely shows that the spinmeisters know that terror fatigue has set in.

Nah, don’t think so, the shortage is more likely due to a lack of elections, don’cha think?

Posted by: BarfHead | Jun 12 2005 12:03 utc | 34

@Debs. I beg to differ. Suicide bombing is low tech. You just need to get them into the country.
I think the clock is ticking.

Posted by: Lupin | Jun 12 2005 14:21 utc | 35

rapt,
I was hesitating whether to use “won” at all for exactly the reasons you point out.
outraged
no offense taken.
outraged/debs
I was just trying to stear you both away from a discussion of a single cause of the particular ending of the war in Vietnam. For it to be a single cause one must first group together large groups of people to big units (like “the americans” or “the vietnamese”) with the same interests and then decide that one of these is the subject and the others are objects. Then you can assign a single trait to the subject (“courage”, “lack of conviction” or “manpower”, “economic infrastructure” for that matter) and claim that if this trait would have been different another result would have been the outcome. And then you can claim that this was the deciding factor.
I know it is popular to do this but I find it rather uninteresting. And I figured so would you if I pointed it out. But if you still want to slug it out over what was the deciding factor in Vietnam you are of course welcome to do so. Just don´t expect any results.

Posted by: A swedish kind of death | Jun 12 2005 14:55 utc | 36

“…there never ever was any credible notion that the Viet Cong would somehow come to the US and strike at us on US soil.”
True of the VC, but not why people said with a straight face “better to fight them there than in San Francisco”. The VC were surrogates for world communism, which was seen as the real adversary. This justified the military of that time. Now we have the largest military on the planet by an order of magnitude. Is this appropriate to the level of threat posed by a few thousand jihadists?

Posted by: Roger Bigod | Jun 12 2005 16:06 utc | 37

@a swedish kind of death
Thank you for picking apart the alliance of grammar and bad empiricism that gets us into pointless arguing. It does seem less interesting when you point it out.

Posted by: citizen | Jun 12 2005 16:53 utc | 38

skod
the vietnamese as a nation fought a war of loberation against the french, the japanese, the french, the americans & also gave the chinese a bloody nose
it was as a people that those struggles were borne, developed & finally came to fruition
i do not play with little flags on a map skod but concrete realites are what they are. you can dress it up anyway you like – classify it through a labrynthine language which hides the real facts
& the facts were these the french were doomed to lose, the japanese were doomed to lose, the americans were doomed to lose
in history at least empiricism has its place & in the overwhelming majority are hose that write of a victory of the vietnamese people
& a significant loss to the american empire
a loss incidentally which will be repeated in the middle east in a way that will not be as gentle or as forgiving as the vietnamese people
revisionism of any kind upsets me – because whether it is form the right or left – it divorces the most basic reality – the people
re subject/object relations.
the united states is an empire
it uses practically the machiner of empire to consolidate its hegemony
it has & will use any means including violence to retain that hegemony
american history is a history of violence
since the beginning the americans have carried out imperial enterprises, failed imperial enterprises where the body count is horrifying & enormous in anyone’s language, swedish or otherwise
the american empire has used armed forces both within & outside of already existing treaties but for the majority of cases – they have carried out illegal actions – illegal in any jurisprudence you want to name – including american jurisprudence or what is left of it
in using armed force – it has for a considerable time used criminal enterprises & criminal formations to carry out murder – phoenix programme, operation condor, & the current butchery in iraq
in iraq they have murdered at least 100,000 people
these are not subject/object relations skod. these are what are commonly known to historians as, facts
for many a long day – slothrop has castigated me for using the words ‘national character’ in relation to these imperial adventures. but how could it be otherwise – the muirdering & destruction of other cultures has as much to do with friends, ally mcbeal as it does with richard perle or donald rumsfield
the morality of lies – which is deep in that ‘national character’ allowed for the murder/lynchings of the afroamerican people, the morality of lies calles the l a riots a sordid mob action when in fact it was a bloody insurrection in which 60 to 70 people died. the morality of lies have allowed successive administrations to suborn, to destabile, to corrupt & finally to diminish national sovereignthy whether it is italy in 1948, vietnam or greece in the sixties, chile, el salvador, nicaragua
on & on this morality of lies has been protected by a culture which is american. culture is a weapon which the elites have used with great skill & intelligence. one can speak of their use of culture as an almost the only victory they have organised.
but it is an empty victory for while it destroys the national characters of other countries it has destroyed almost completely the moral character of the american people
& we have to be frank here – we are very much in the minority -& a minority they could physically liquidate in a moments notice if they thought that was necessary.
skod – the natuyre of the nightmare has to be named or else you have to live or others have to live the consequences
in indonesia & the phillipines for example – these countries have been corrupted so profoundly by american intervention in all their affairs – that their sovereignty is by nature perverted
the australians after the 1975 constitutional coup have learnt to keep quiet & never upset their american masters
greece is still not free of what happened during the american installation of the greek military junta
skod, you & slothrop can go on all you like about the amorphous subject/object relations but i know who the enemy is – history told me so

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 12 2005 16:54 utc | 39

R´giap,
This is the way I see it:
Dead people are facts. People killing other people are facts. The reasons behind it are theories.
The answers to questions of what, when, where and who are questions historians can answer with favts. The questions of why very seldom are such that they can be answered by facts, but if answered by different theories they can provide insight in different aspects of why stuff happens.
Maybe I can make myself clear by qouting you from another thread:

what i cannot see is a cabal of any kind. perhaps of common interest & common greed & common lack of sense or of proportion but i cannot for the life of me believe in conspiracies
the slaughterhouse of our world is too stupid for conspiracies. their monologues are without sense, they are incapable of dialogue & polyphony for them represents not multiplicity but chaos
what i do see however is a confluence of interests going for broke & not caring who gets fucked up on the way – enemies certainly but this administration has also mightily fucked up its friends & their credibility

In all historical events I see a confluence of not only interests but also a lot of other factors (like physical, sociological, economical, psychological).
Outraged and Debs argued two different and very reasonable factors to explain the end of the Vietnam war. I have no objections against those reasons as part of picture, but I think that their discussion headed straight towards a wall when they presented them as the reason.
In the same way I see your concept of ‘national character’ (by which as I have understood it you refer to tendency in american society) as a possible part of the picture. However, I think most of those tendencies can be found in the societies of almost all countries of this planet.
For example I live in a country which brags about its neutrality while hosting NATO meatings, that brags about its record on human rights while exiling apatic children and quickly forgets about sterilizing woman whose genes were not wanted (read underclass of suspectable ethnic groups). A strong morality of lies going on here to.

Posted by: A swedish kind of death | Jun 12 2005 20:55 utc | 40

Heh I KNOW you must all be long gone now..Nah I don’t really want to have the last word well not much anyway. If I was arguing that there was one single cause for the end of the vietnam war then I apoligise for that was not the point I was trying to make. Initially I was trying to point out that is not a good idea to make direct comparisons between Iraq and Vietnam and that the Vietnam war sorta petered out rather than ending in a hiss and roar. I doubted that is what is going to happen in Iraq. I then went on to say that the difference in mindset of the US citizenry in the two wars would be a determining factor in how the Iraq war ended. I was then remonstrated with for ignoring the heroic efforts of the Vietnamese nationalists. I thought I wasn’t ignoring them as much as pointing out that there were other factors that needed to be considered as well. Obviously this was taken as me arguing that the attitude of the US citizenry was the ONLY factor that determined the outcome….Usual meaningless storm in a teacup stuff.
I am concerned though at the ethnocentric vitriol that gets spouted here and it comes from all sides. The other day I in typical overly verbose style drew up a shortlist of nasty imperialist acts over the past few centuries in an attempt to point out that it is a mistake to attribute these greedheads’ actions to some national characteristic. The next post in response came from someone questioning my emotive technique in portraying the couple of Anglo cultural imperialist examples. Nothing was said about the Spanish example in which I was prolly on far dodgier ground. In a way the person merely showed that as lefty, liberal, tolerant or whatever we are we all still have great difficulty in dealing with what we perceive to be affronts to our own culture.
But it is very rare for any of us to stick to the issue at hand. We tend to want to get our own point of view across. So here we all are arguing at cross purposes. Everyone making good points and usually being able to support them with some sort of evidence but none of us really listening to each other.
But we shouldn’t be unduly concerned. I find having to express my point of view in here a great aid in developing and clarifying my thinking. But we’d be crazy to think we could ever convince our duelling partner of our own point of view. Well to have them admit it on the spot anyway, there aren’t many shrinking violets in MoA.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 12 2005 22:37 utc | 41

To qoute Colman: “How the hell did I get to be referee?” In my attempt to stear the conversation back to topic it looks like I steared it even more off into pure meta-teritory.
I then went on to say that the difference in mindset of the US citizenry in the two wars would be a determining factor in how the Iraq war ended.
And that was one such much more interesting point that might be discussed. Is there a difference in mindset? How will this affect the outcome of the Iraq war? Good questions. I was not around at the time of the Vietnam war and have really not a good answer to any of these questions, though I think others here might. Not that I do not appriciate your answers Debs (“yes” and “greater support for the war” as I understood them), just trying to stimulate discussion.
Ah well, I guess it again demonstrates the virtue of being extremely (almost beyond the point of absurdity) specific when discussing over the internet as so many parts of communication is lost (gestures, tone of voice and so on) and additional problems are added with discussions crossing cultural borders (not to mention time lines).
But it is very rare for any of us to stick to the issue at hand. We tend to want to get our own point of view across. So here we all are arguing at cross purposes. Everyone making good points and usually being able to support them with some sort of evidence but none of us really listening to each other.
And is this not very much alike a bar in real life? But I think some statistics provided by b around christmas indicated that more read then write so there are quite a few listeners. Personally I find discussions are often the best way of expanding ones understanding both in participation and reading. Therefore I try to encourage also discussions I do not specifically participate in, though sometimes it backfires. 🙂

Posted by: A swedish kind of death | Jun 12 2005 23:14 utc | 42

bring the war home

Posted by: remembereringgiap | Jun 12 2005 23:18 utc | 43

Armies cannot fight forever. They must have purpose to their mission and their sacrifices. When it gets to the point where the soldiers doubt the mission and think of their own survival, victory becomes impossible. A wise leader knows this, but foolish ones do not.

Steve Gilliard quoting Harry G. Summers Jr. on Hamburger Hill, the breaking of the U.S. Army, and fragging.

Posted by: citizen | Jun 13 2005 0:43 utc | 44

Heh I’ve never been in a bar debate where every spieler carries a recorder and can in an instant verbatim quote back at you something you said a coupla hours earlier…in some ways it helps keep us on track and others merely serves further obsfucation.
No one is addressing our ethnocentricity in a way that might cause a bit of thought before catagorising people by the place they were born. But on the other hand THIS thread/down this end of the bar appears thankfully free of religio-cultural conspiracy theories that sail very close to the elephant that AIPAIC and others would accuse us of having propped on the corner stool every night.

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 13 2005 1:05 utc | 45

Heh I’ve never been in a bar debate where every spieler carries a recorder and can in an instant verbatim quote back at you something you said a coupla hours earlier
Oh no? Happens to me all the time 😛

Posted by: A swedish kind of death | Jun 13 2005 1:08 utc | 46

Initially I was trying to point out that is not a good idea to make direct comparisons between Iraq and Vietnam and that the Vietnam war sorta petered out rather than ending in a hiss and roar
With all due respect, that’s just absurd.
Oh yes, the US and most western media lost interest in the fate of South Vietnam’s people after the US ground forces left in ’73, however, Sth Vietnams ARVN, airforce et al certainly fought on for another bloody and brutal two yaers while US dombs continued to somehow fall from the heavens by ‘magic’. The Regualr NVA campaigning in multiple bitter battles until they finally drove into Saigaon can hardly be described by the parties involved as a conflict ending in a ‘hiss’.
Unless one falls into the trap of ingnoring, discounting and selective forgetting that is the hallmark of our society once we’ve ‘lost interest’ and our attention span of the moment has moved on. We just ‘dismiss’ it and make it invisible and permanently forgotten by collectively making the ‘unpleasantness’ disappear … this cultural perversity, for it is heartily accepted high and low, is what creates the necessary precondition to the creation of yet more farcical pretexts for the then invasion of Iraq, the subsequent and continuing occupation and yet more future wars, overt and covert.
Yes, this continual ‘forgetting’ is evn more sickening because unkie the thirties ‘good Germans’ it is repeated again and again decade after decade thoughout our history. Thsi incredibly usefull trait allows for yet another generation of exploited and surreptitously co-opted troops, in uniform and not, ‘awake’ and realise they’ve been royally fuc__ing HAD.
Forget, revise history and events within the nations consciousness, move on a few years, and repeat ad finitum …

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 13 2005 1:13 utc | 47

Apropos of nothin in particular
my local fishwrap is running a story outta England that makes it look like maybe a few chickens are coming home to roost. Unfortunately the intro
” A top al Qaeda suspect in Guantanamo Bay was stripped, forced to bark like a dog, and subjected to the music of Christina Aguilera, it emerged as debate intensified in the US capital over the future of the detention camp in Cuba. ” will have the LGF mob sayin “Well hell Aguilera is torture but it’s hardly up there with boiling in oil or the Spanish Inquisition”
I dunno why MSM always deflates stories before they even get to the point. Well I do but it sure p…s me off

Posted by: Debs is dead | Jun 13 2005 1:22 utc | 48

One day while I was in a bunker in Vietnam, a sniper round went over my head. The person who fired that weapon was not a terrorist, a rebel, an extremist, or a so-called insurgent. The Vietnamese individual who tried to kill me was a citizen of Vietnam, who did not want me in his country. This truth escapes millions.
Mike Hastie
U.S. Army Medic
Vietnam 1970-71
December 13, 2004

Posted by: Outraged | Jun 13 2005 4:11 utc | 49

For the record: G.I. Is Charged in Iraq Deaths of 2 Superiors

The United States military charged a New York Army National Guard member yesterday with murdering his commanding officers last week at a base near Tikrit, Iraq.
The officers, Capt. Phillip T. Esposito, 30, and First Lt. Louis E. Allen, 34, of the 42nd Infantry Division, New York Army National Guard, were first believed to have died after indirect fire hit the window of a building they were in on June 7.
A criminal investigation opened, however, soon after the attack found that the blast pattern was inconsistent with a mortar attack, the military said in a statement announcing the charges against Staff Sgt. Alberto B. Martinez, 37, of Troy, N.Y.

Posted by: b | Jun 17 2005 6:52 utc | 50

Thanks to all participants for creating this wonderful
thread.

Posted by: Hannah K. O’Luthon | Jun 17 2005 8:42 utc | 51

America is the terrorist nation of the world and this comes as no surprise. Too late these young people find out about our misguided mission in the world, too late for the Iraqi’s who are being slaughtered. The American Democracy experiment is over and the killing fields are back!

Posted by: Richard Neva | Nov 30 2006 11:14 utc | 52