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Other news from paradise
It’s common rightwingnut rhetoric here in the US to refer to Cubans as “slaves” and to deride or demonise them as occasion arises. However, the people I know who have visited Cuba, despite the draconian travel restrictions imposed by the US, tell a different story.
Sure the Cuban economy is struggling (and yours — anyone’s — would be too, if the US imposed an embargo on your country as vicious as the one it has imposed on Cuba for over 40 years). Sure, the government is authoritarian and personal freedoms are more limited than most of us would like. On the other hand, the death toll from starvation and preventable illness is nearly nil, comparable to countries with immensely greater wealth. Poor, embargoed, struggling Cuba is so well educated that it can afford to send doctors and nurses to help the poor in far “wealthier” S American countries. And Cuba leads the world in sustainable agriculture theory and practise, thanks to its cold-turkey disconnect from Soviet oil and chemical supplies when the USSR fell. US organic farmers go to Cuba to learn, not to teach.
Friends of mine who have visited have been agroeconomists and sustainable ag scholars and experts. What they found there was a public so well educated — including school age kids way the hell out in the boonies — that it was embarrassing for them, as highly-educated members of “the world’s last superpower” to converse with them. Teenagers asked my friends intelligent, searching questions about US politics (and not just when the government minder was standing by, supervising the conversation) — questions they sometimes could not answer. Cuban teenagers were astonishingly well informed about the economic and geopolitical realities of their own countries — they knew more about Cuba’s import/export figures than US adults know about US trade.
Yes, Cubans bitched and moaned when the government minder was elsewhere — about their government, about wanting more freedom of the press, about wanting a more civil treatment of dissidents, about the occasional insanity of the State bureaucracy. Sometimes the government minder even did some of the moaning 🙂 They complained about the currency, about the embargo, and about the perpetual threat of US invasion that (the US is Cuba’s Al Qaeda, except 10x more real and dangerous) helps to keep Castro and the authoritarian system in power. But they also bragged — about their “green miracle,” about their excellent medical system, about their schools and their healthy children. They asked why there are people dying of exposure and hunger on the streets of the wealthiest nation in the world. They asked why US schools are so underfunded. They asked why US taxpayers consent to pay for wars of aggression, when so much of their money is wasted. They asked why US media are so content-free. According to my friends’ reports these questions were not fired off in official “shame the capitalist swine” debating fashion but asked sincerely, genuinely trying to understand, sometimes apologetically (“I don’t mean to be rude, but…”).
Another thing that struck my friends, particularly the women, was the general courtesy and gentleness of the people around them. They never met any swaggering Cuban skinheads, gangstas or other intimidating people. They weren’t harassed or concescended to by Cuban men, contrary to the “macho Latin male” stereotypes. Maybe this was because they hung out with farmers and peasants, who tend to be a low-key bunch — but two different folks I know said that when they got back to a US airport they were struck by the rudeness, noisiness, and threatening body language of young American men after spending almost a month in Cuba.
Much can be said in criticism of the authoritarian model on which the Castro regime operates. OTOH, last I looked, Cuba hasn’t invaded anybody lately, declared pre-emptive wars, or become a major arms dealer. All they seem to want is to be left alone to do whatever they’re doing, w/o having their buildings and planes blown up by antiCastro Cuban exiles operating out of the US (“harbouring Turrists” anyone?). Everyone would like to see more civil freedoms in Cuba, and imho unless the Yanks invade and turn the whole place into Gitmo, that day will come soon. The US could have accelerated that process decades ago by dropping the petty, vengeful embargo…
However heavy the hand of the Gummint in Cuba it is not the gray, conformist, totalitarian Soviet style that prevails. Some of my older friends have visited both places (USSR before the Fall, and Cuba) — they are unanimous in declaring that life under Castro never seemed so regimented and fear-ridden as life under the commissars. FWIW. I’d like to go there myself, and as a non-US citizen I enjoy the freedom to do so 🙂
Posted by: DeAnander | Dec 3 2004 2:02 utc | 8
More hopeful news
A Chilean court has stripped former military ruler Augusto Pinochet of his legal immunity over the murder of his predecessor as army chief.
The decision means he can be investigated for his alleged role in the killing of Gen Carlos Prats, who died in a car bomb attack in 1974.
Gen Prats, a symbol of opposition to the Chilean military government, had fled to Argentina.
On August 23, 1973, General Carlos Prats withdrew from the position of commander in chief of the Chilean army under unbearable pressure from the most reactionary civil and military sectors. On the very same day, in a conversation with President [Salvador] Allende, the decommissioned general proposed Pinochet as his own successor. “Up to the moment when — on my suggestion — President Allende named Pinochet commander in chief, when I presented my resignation, I honestly believed that [Pinochet] sincerely shared my unshakeable conviction that the chaotic Chilean situation could be resolved politically, without a military coup, which would be the worst solution,” Prats wrote in his memoir.
(Allende, Schneider, Prats)
It is the second case in which Gen Pinochet, 89, has lost his immunity.
In May, judges decided that he could be investigated in connection with Operation Condor – a conspiracy by six South American regimes in the 1970s to hunt down and kill their left-wing opponents.
Condor specialized in targeted abductions, disappearances, interrogations/torture, and transfers of persons across borders. According to a declassified 1976 FBI report, Condor had several levels. The first was mutual cooperation among military intelligence services, including coordination of political surveillance and exchange of intelligence information. The second was organized cross-border operations to detain/disappear dissidents. The third and most secret, “Phase III,” was the formation of special teams of assassins from member countries to travel anywhere in the world to carry out assassinations of “subversive enemies.” Phase III was aimed at political leaders especially feared for their potential to mobilize world opinion or organize broad opposition to the military states.
Victims of Condor’s Phase III, conducted during the mid-1970s, included Chilean Orlando Letelier–foreign minister under President Salvador Allende and a fierce foe of the Pinochet regime–and his American colleague Ronni Moffitt, in Washington D.C., and Chilean Christian Democrat leader Bernardo Leighton and his wife, in Rome. Condor assassinations in Buenos Aires were carried out against General Carlos Prats, former Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean army; nationalist ex-president of Bolivia Juan Jose Torres; two Uruguayan legislators known for their opposition to the Uruguayan military regime, Zelmar Michelini and Hector Gutierrez Ruiz. In the first two cases, DINA assassination teams “contracted” local terrorist and fascist organizations to assist in carrying out the crimes. A U.S.-born DINA assassin–expatriate Michael Townley–admitted his role in the Prats, Letelier-Moffitt, and Leighton crimes. Clearly, Operation Condor was an organized system of state terror with a transnational reach.
September 11, 1973
Pinochet Case Timeline
declassified documents concerning American knowledge/involvement in Operation Condor and other Pinochet atrocities.
Like father like son
Bush Sr., as head of CIA, lied about America’s knowledge (and help) in the murder of Pinochet’s opponents.
Sickeningly ironic that Kissinger was initially chosen by Bush Jr. to investigate another 9-11.
Horman murdered while Kissinger stroked Pinochet.
It would be a great day for justice in this world if Pinochet and his American enablers were to stand trial for crimes against humanity.
As was mentioned long ago at the Whiskey Bar, the SOA was torturing and training torturers in Latin America long before Abu Ghraib became synonymous with American abuse, rather than Saddam’s.
Posted by: fauxreal | Dec 3 2004 4:25 utc | 12
Ah, Hannah, the nature of man. This site is going to go to hell for this, isn’t it?
A realistic view of our nature should be, of course, at the basis of how a sensible person would organise the world. All the conventional ones seem wrong: man is not basically good, nor is he basically self-serving. We are complex productions of nature, nurture and chance, and any dispassionate attempt to assess what we are truly challenges our most basic assumptions. So much of philosophy and economics is justification of the authors prejudices, or that of their masters.
I don’t know if science can provide a basis for answering the question. but it seems to have a better chance than anything else.
Here, for what it is worth, is what I see:
* We are animals. I can no longer see any human capability that is different in kind to those found in the other animals. Different in degree, yes, kind no. We are primate wolves, social, omnivorous, making up for our poor armament with other skills and traits. Without any weapons, humans are capable of running down prey in the same way that wolves run them down, exhausting them and closing for the kill with whatever is to hand.
* We are both co-operative and competitive. We don’t need a philosophical explanation of altruism: it’s built in. Our sense of good and evil is built in, like our skill for language. Both are shaped by circumstances and vary from person to person, but they’re both there to start with.
* We are pack animals. We have a sense of who is in our pack, and we all want the best for our pack. The difference between liberal and conservative is who we think is in our pack. Liberals tend to extend membership to everyone, conservatives restrict it.
* Evil is what offends our sense of good and evil. If you don’t consider Arabs to be members of your pack, you don’t see that killing 100,000 of them is evil.
* Our societies and cultures are layered on top of these basic facts, shaping us in detail, but unable to change the basic nature except superficially.
Any political or economic ideology which does not take these basic facts into account, which plays on differences between us and the animals, which justifies itself on the basis of a religious book, which takes a single human trait is dangerous nonsense. In fact, any economic ideology is dangerous nonsense: decide what your economic aim is and work out how to get there.
Now, I’m not arguing for any particular ideology: quite the opposite. Adoption of an ideology, be it Marxism, socialism, capitalism limits your choices. A rational society decides what its goals are and then trys to achieve them. So if a society’s goal is to concentrate all the wealth and power in the hands of a small number of monopolists, it follows a strong free market approach. If it wants a massively inefficient system with almost everyone equally poor and all the power in the hands of a small number of oligarchs it adopts communism. If it wants a reasonable distribution of wealth while still remaining moderately efficient it muddles along with some sort of mixed economy trying to avoid the excesses of either system and changing policies when policies no longer work. If a country wants a world of terrorism and death it engages in imperialistic warfare and economic oppression. If it wants peace and quiet prosperity it avoids warfare and attempts to deal with problems by negotiation and by leading by example, accepting the world isn’t perfect and trying to improve it little by little.
[You know, I was in a bad mood before writing this. Much better now. It’s probably off topic, and probably all nonsense, but that never stopped the objectivists, did it?]
Posted by: Colman | Dec 3 2004 10:59 utc | 15
@Colman not much argument here, though I would suggest that “morality” of some kind is actually a feature we share with other primates: recent experiments suggest that chimps have a sense of fairness and get angry when “unfairness” happens. I find this encouraging, myself — on the gut-level sense of fairness, which is accessible to any child or chimpanzee, a whole Kantian superstructure can be built that justifies decent behaviour.
I don’t think there is anything quite so convenient as “a society” “wanting” something. The elite of a society may want one thing and the proles quite another. And it’s interesting to note that as soon as humans have enough tangible, storable surplus wealth, the division into elites and proles happens pretty fast. The only truly egalitarian cultures I can think of, off top of head, are gatherer-hunters who don’t “own” anything much but their hand tools and a few scraps of adornment — the !Kung come to mind immediately, a peaceable people with the loosest hierarchies of anyone I’ve ever read about.
I’d also suggest that a great deal of how we behave and organise revolves around the source of our food. Agrarians behave differently from gatherer/hunters, who behave differently from coastal/marsh fisherfolk, who behave differently from nomadic herders. A lot of our history is written in the conflicts between these lifestyles. I’m reading about Ibn Battuta right now, so an example that comes to mind is Battuta’s shock and disapproval when he meets a royal Mongol family and finds that the Mongol princesses walk freely and unveiled, and participate actively in the ruling of the country, on a footing almost equal with the princes. A fast moving, herding, horse-based, warrior culture could not afford to seclude and disable half its population — the cost in reduced mobility and lost labour for herding and horse-handling when the men were in the vanguard fighting, would have been insupportable.
Several writers have suggested that the Colonial Era (still going on) represents the desperate expansion of the Wheat Growing People, whose dietary habits (wheat and meat) require vast acreage under plough and grazing to maintain. People with different dietary requirements might use less land, and thus be less hungry (literally) for Lebensraum…
Another stray thought is the issue of inclusion and exclusion (who is “us” and who is “not us” and therefore expendable/alien/enemy). Was it Buber who posited the notion of “moral distance,” suggesting that we care in radii, with our caring diminishing as the distance between us (be it geographical or cultural or genetic) and the suffering person increases? If we accept that metaphor then the “liberal/progressive” effort is to increase that radius, to care about non-family almost as much as we care about family, to care about people even if they are on the far side of the world and speak a different language. Whereas the “conservative/rightist” approach is to define that radius precisely — perhaps to write reams of legalese carefully defining who is and is not officially White or who can and cannot claim social benefits — and to expend a fair amount of effort preventing those Outside from getting any of the goodies coveted by Us and Ours.
One thing that makes the confessing faiths so incredibly radical (and Communism as well, though it came along *after* the universalist ideal had already been articulated in the European language family) is that they suggest the abolition of that radius entirely. To “love thy neighbour as thyself” or “to see that of God in everyone” is perhaps the most challenging diktat ever issued — and it’s been issued by every one of the confessing faiths (in which I count Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism). Communism comes along late but consistent with “to each according to his needs” and the concept of the International, transcending the radius of national identity.
Chimps, by the way, and most of the other primates have a fairly well-defined moral radius. It doesn’t seem to extend to monkeys — I seem to recall that chimps will eat small monkeys alive, ignoring their struggles and screams, even though to a human viewer the small monkey looks not that different from a chimp baby. The chimps’ perception of “unfairness” doesn’t extend to a prey species even if the prey species looks like their own young. And this perhaps explains why some people are only outraged and grieved by the thought of US troops with their legs blown off, and remain unmoved by an image of Iraqi children with their legs blown off. Their sense of fairness is functioning somewhere below chimp-level — they can perceive other members of their own species as if they were not conspecifics, but prey.
Nature, nurture, nature, nurture, do be do be do… I find myself agreeing with those who say that our politics come down to a vision, perhaps never clearly articulatedm of how we wish we could live — “what kind of society do you want to live in and what are you prepared to do to get there.” Some Americans, I am convinced, literally want to live in a world where everything is suburban White Christian America — where all other religions, races, cultures, lifeways have been eradicated and there is one big happy monoculture — where, as Kissinger suggested, Asia has been “depopulated” and all the world’s resources are at the disposal of the Superior Us who dwell in N Am.
To me, such a “utopia” would be a living hell, a nightmare from which I’d run screaming. But for some people I suspect it is their unexpressed, subconscious Paradise. Such people are fundamentalists — the nub of fundamentalism, be it xtian or Communist, is the refusal to admit that any person can believe or think or be differently from oneself without being Damned. The nub of progressivism, it seems to me, is tolerance. And this explains why “the worst are full of passion and the best lack all conviction” — real conviction, passionate maniacal zeal, is the province of the fundamentalist who can brook no disagreement. It’s the dialectic contradiction of liberalism that liberal principles force us to respect the freedom of speech of the White Power Party, and to write a Constitution that defends their right to hold a rally and march. The opposition has no such principles, as recent developments (Patriot 1 and 2, the senator from Alabama, Ann Coulter and her ilk) clearly show.
I’m blue skying here (ah, the human condition)… and will welcome disagreement and further illumination…
Posted by: DeAnander | Dec 3 2004 18:18 utc | 25
More bar snacks.
Kenneth Torp says “The staggering irony here is that the most bellicose administration in recent history on issues of international cooperation is likely to bring about the sharpest curtailment of foreign policy sovereignty by handing veto power to the very same international players it so routinely snubs.” i.e. by ruining the US economy, BushCo will hand sovereignty over to the IMF/WB, foreign investors and the like, who will exert their muscle to force the US to behave. “In other words, the ability of the United States to defend itself against the next (real) threat is severely circumscribed by the Bush administration’s ideological commitment to tax cuts and its refusal to exercise even a modicum of fiscal discipline.” An interesting way to put it — I’d say the Bush regime was the real threat. But anyway…
Carolyn Baker says that Americans are “addicted to happiness” and had better learn to face harsh realities: “Recently, a foreign-born friend of mine asked why the American people believe that they have the right to expand, exploit, rape, pillage, murder and conquer every area of the planet. I could only answer by explaining the history of the United States—an epic saga of what my friend had just verbalized. Indeed, the bills are coming due, and unfortunately, it is now time for us to pay.” It’s a dark essay, echoing much of what various Cassandras have said here at MoA and elsewhere: party’s over, time to sober up and face the hangover. “Our children are unlikely to demand an end to a perpetual war on terrorism until they hold draft cards in their wallets which have been sucked dry by that war’s astronomical debt. We may never cherish our communities until we and our neighbors have to depend on each other for food and basic necessities of life. The preciousness of our resources will not be fully appreciated until they disappear or become very difficult to acquire.”
Harsh words indeed. Worth discussing?
And in the meantime, just to prove that I don’t spend all my time with a bottle of vodka and a loaded revolver on the desk, spinning the cylinder thoughtfully, but do crack a smile now and again 🙂 — here’s the inimitable Ben Tripp advising us on shopping strategies for the Resistance: “Lists of companies that gave 90% of their campaign contributions to the Republican cause (90% of companies) are circulating around the Internet like swarms of enraged mayflies. The only real way to avoid spending money on these corporations is to live under a large, flat rock, subsisting on lizards. Here are my strategies for ‘buying blue’ in a time when the Red Tide no longer means godless communism, but rather the thimble-witted sociopaths out to turn the clock back to 1630 – all 100 million of them.”
From under my large flat rock, picking lizard bones out from between my teeth, I wish y’all a good evening. As HKOL says, people are dying in Iraq while we chat here — and this has been true for my entire life, that somewhere in the world the machinery of US militarism and capitalism was killing someone while I did whatever I was doing that day. Often other machineries were killing people as well, separately or in cahoots or in competition: the machineries of tribal vendetta, of Soviet and Chinese and Indian expansionism, of French nuclear testing, S African Apartheid, US and Australian domestic racism [and I’m just picking randomly out of the barrel here, plenty of rotten apples left unmentioned!] — of independent Third World sweatshoppery and slumlording and Enclosure, of starvation and soil destruction patriarchal misogyny and gaybashing and flood and epidemic and domestic battery and Chernobyl and carcinogenic pollutants and medical incompetence and ordinary murder… By incompetence and by design, for profit or for bigotry or vengeance or sheer stupid petty piqued ego, or in some cases just for fun, people were killing one another all the time I’ve been alive, and they still are, and I’m so sick of it that the vodka and the revolver sometimes look good, in a metaphorical sort of way.
Bad primate — no planet.
How we live with this world and our own species I don’t know, and how we stop the wicked from having their way I don’t know… how what we laughingly call “civilisation” (good music, good food, good literature, good company, good humour, civic life, family, decency, theatre, craftsmanship) manages to float on the surface of this cesspit of violence and cruelty, I don’t know that either. What I like about this drinking establishment is that all of the regulars seem as bothered as I am by not knowing…
Posted by: DeAnander | Dec 4 2004 7:27 utc | 53
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